Editing Techniques
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then save the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
There are a wide variety of techniques used in electronics. | There are a wide variety of techniques used in electronics. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | == | + | == Printed circuit board design/fabrication == |
− | + | === Overview === | |
+ | === Software Design === | ||
+ | See [[#Software_design_tools|Software Design Tools]] below. | ||
− | * [[Solderless protoboard]] | + | ==== Step by Step by using Software Design Tool ==== |
+ | *Format and shape of PCB are conformed. | ||
+ | *Via size and location are conformed. | ||
+ | *Fixed location item are placed on suitable place. | ||
+ | *A one-first PCB silk layout is made. | ||
+ | *All item get enough clearance between them. | ||
+ | *All vias get enough size to install them components. | ||
+ | *Make sure no wrong footprint is created. | ||
+ | *PCB is drew. | ||
+ | *silkscreen adding the following: | ||
+ | **version no. | ||
+ | **organization name | ||
+ | **board name | ||
+ | *Netlist is ran and got a no error result. | ||
+ | *DRC is ran and got a no error result. | ||
+ | *Location of item is reasonable. | ||
+ | *All items are put on to a hard copy of PCB. | ||
+ | *Overall is checked. | ||
+ | |||
+ | And then the Gerbers are sent to a [[PCB Manufacturers]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Manual Design === | ||
+ | Somepeople do this with layout on clear film or by directly drawing on a circuit board, of even by scratching, grinding.... For now let them google this. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Homebrew fabrication === | ||
+ | Before exploring these techniques, you should understand your options with regard to services such as ExpressPCB.com and PCB123.com. Being able to have several boards fabbed in 2 days for $59 (for example) makes it harder to justify the hassle of etching your own boards at home. | ||
+ | * [http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/pcbs.html "How to make really really good homemade PCBs"] by Mike Harrison 2007 | ||
+ | * [[Toner Transfer]] -- This method involves laser printing your PCB design onto paper, then transferring toner onto copper-clad board. | ||
+ | * [[Photoetching]] -- Exposure of PCB designs onto photosensitized copper-clad board. | ||
+ | * [[Chemical Etchants]] | ||
+ | * [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/pcb-gcode "Mechanically etching or milling PCBs. No chemicals!"] -- Use your CNC router/mill to make PC boards. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Commercial PCB fabrication === | ||
+ | * [[Submitting PCB's for fabrication]] -- Common processes for submitting PCB's for fabrication. | ||
+ | * [[PCB Manufacturers]] | ||
+ | * [http://diydrones.com/profiles/blog/show?id=705844%3ABlogPost%3A30196 "PCB fabbing advice"] by Chris Anderson 2008 | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Circuit construction (Prototyping - Other than custom PCB) == | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[Solderless protoboard]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard Wikipedia:Breadboard]) ([http://www.best-microcontroller-projects.com/prototyping.html a simple example with a small microcontroller]) | ||
* [[Point-to-point]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_construction Wikipedia:Point-to-point construction]) | * [[Point-to-point]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_construction Wikipedia:Point-to-point construction]) | ||
* [[Wirewrap]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_wrap Wikipedia:Wire Wrap]) | * [[Wirewrap]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_wrap Wikipedia:Wire Wrap]) | ||
− | * [[Dead bug style]] | + | * [[Dead bug style]] -- and a similar method, [http://ciphersbyritter.com/RADELECT/BREADBD/BREADBD.HTM "A Modern Breadboarding Technology: Insulating Pads Soldered to a Ground Plane"] |
* [[Manhattan style]] | * [[Manhattan style]] | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | [[http://www.techlib.com/electronics/construction.html "Construction Ideas"]] has nice photographs of the above circuit construction techniques. | |
− | [http://www.techlib.com/electronics/construction.html "Construction Ideas"] has nice photographs of the above circuit construction techniques | ||
− | |||
* [[Stripboard]] (Veroboard): ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripboard Wikipedia:stripboard].) | * [[Stripboard]] (Veroboard): ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripboard Wikipedia:stripboard].) | ||
− | + | == Soldering techniques == | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | == | ||
− | |||
− | |||
* [[Basic soldering]] -- How to use a soldering iron. | * [[Basic soldering]] -- How to use a soldering iron. | ||
* Surface Mount | * Surface Mount | ||
Line 36: | Line 63: | ||
** [[Toaster oven reflow]] | ** [[Toaster oven reflow]] | ||
** [[Hot air soldering]] | ** [[Hot air soldering]] | ||
− | |||
* [[Rework]] -- Techniques for fixing mistakes, or for adding new features to a board that ''almost'' does what you want. | * [[Rework]] -- Techniques for fixing mistakes, or for adding new features to a board that ''almost'' does what you want. | ||
** [http://workmanship.nasa.gov/lib/insp/2%20books/links/sections/302_jumper%20wires.html official NASA recommendations for adding discrete wiring ("jumper wires") to PCBs] | ** [http://workmanship.nasa.gov/lib/insp/2%20books/links/sections/302_jumper%20wires.html official NASA recommendations for adding discrete wiring ("jumper wires") to PCBs] | ||
− | (Have you seen this [http://hackaday.com/2007/06/04/cnc-solder- | + | (Have you seen this [http://www.hackaday.com/2007/06/04/cnc-solder-paste-pick-n-place/ CNC solder paste/pick n place] ?) |
− | '' | + | |
+ | == [[Hardware tool]]s == | ||
+ | A directory of [[hardware tool]]s that you may find useful. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Software design tools == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some people still build circuits without ever using any software tools. | ||
+ | For complicated circuits, software design tools can save a lot of time. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here we list "suites" that combine schematic capture, component editor for the components used in schematic capture, circuit simulation, PCB layout, autorouter, and footprint editor for the footprints used in PCB layout. | ||
+ | (Is there another place for listing stand-alone tools such as a [[switching regulator|switching power supply]] "wizard" and a RF analysis tool?) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Quite often people mix-and-match tools -- using a schematic capture from one suite to generate pretty schematics and a netlist, then importing the netlist a third party Specctra autorouter, then importing the result into a PCB layout program from another suite for the final manual clean-up and design rule checking. | ||
+ | |||
+ | In no particular order: | ||
+ | <!-- Please use a valid license ie, BSD, GPL, Crippleware, Nagware, Shareware, Payware etc.. And specify platform. There's usually a lot of free win32 crippleware without sources makeing you victim of the design file hostage scenario. Also some packages are sub-packages to others, thus maybe no needing an entry of their own. --> | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Name !! Platform !! License !! AutoRouter !! Comments | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [http://www.liquidpcb.org/ Liquid PCB] || Linux, Win32 || GPL || no || [http://liquidpcb.wiki.sourceforge.net/ Liquid PCB wiki at SourceForge] Liquid PCB is a computer aided design application for designing printed circuit boards. You are not restricted to straight tracks and 45º angles, you can draw tracks any way you like. The tracks will move and bend as required to maintain your design rules. It is open source, and still in the Alpha stage. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://geda.seul.org/ [[gEDA]]] || Linux, *BSD || Free, OSS || autorouter || [http://geda.seul.org/wiki/ gEDA wiki] includes schematic and [http://sourceforge.net/projects/pcb/ PCB] for makeing [[gerber|gerbers]] etc... | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://mccad.com/ McCAD EDS Lite] || MacOSX, Win32 || Free demo max 200 pin || autorouter || Free demo version available for download, 200 pin limit | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://applefritter.com/replica McCAD EDS SE] || MacOSX, Win32 || "free"? || autorouter || Free with book, "Apple I Replica Creation". Supports 750 pins, 11"x17" sheet size, 6-8 data layers. <tangent>(any useful tips in this book for those who want to build a CPU from scratch?) <reply>No, there are not. The book is more entry-level. - Tom Owad</reply></tangent> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.freepcb.com/ FreePCB] || Win32 || GPL || can use [http://www.freerouting.net/ FreeRoute] || PCB Design Software | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://tinycad.sourceforge.net/ TinyCAD] || Win32 || LGPL || n/a || Schematic Drawing Software | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://kicad.sourceforge.net/ KiCad] || BSD, Linux, MacOSX, Win32 || GPL || autorouter || http://www.lis.inpg.fr/realise_au_lis/kicad/ EDA suite ; [http://kicad.sourceforge.net/wiki/ KiCad wiki] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://expresspcb.com/ Express SCH/PCB] || Win32 || Free use crippleware || ? || ExpressPCB's propietatary free schematic capture & PCB layout designer locking you to use ExpressPCB for manufacture explicitly. Manufacture in 3 business days of two boards for ~100 USD. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://altium.com/ Protel DXP] || Win32 || || autorouter || [http://techref.massmind.org/techref/app/protel.htm independent Protel users FAQ] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://cadsoftusa.com/ Eagle] [[Eagle Links]] || Win32, Linux || Free use crippleware || || ( Russ Hensel says>> ) I have been kicking around as a hobbyist for a while and Eagle seems to be the main hobbyist circuit/pcb cad program. It supports schematics and board layout with an auto-router. The free version can easily support 2 dual op amps with wide traces and a one sided board. There is quite a lot of info on the Internet and many projects supply eagle files. There is also a $125 non profit version supporting larger boards. It then gets expensive. Eagle is not really easy to learn: cut for it would be copy in almost any other program. It probably deserves a page or more of its own. ( << end RH ) <br>http://cadsoft.de/ <br>[http://www.sparkfun.com/tutorial/PCB/eagle-output-tutorial.htm Eagle tutorial from Sparkfun] <br>[http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2006/03/how_to_make_a_custom_library_p.html Eagle tutorial (makezine)] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://diptrace.com/ DipTrace] || || Crippleware || || 250-pin Freeware or Purchase more advanced versions | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://winqcad.com/ WinQcad] || || Crippleware || || Demo with max 499 pins available for download | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.hutson.co.nz/ Rimu Schematic and Rimu PCB] || Win32 || Payware || || Schematic & PCB design for MS-Windows | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://mentala.com/ SuperCAD and SuperPCB] || Win32 || || || Mental Automation schematic & PCB for MS-Windows | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.autotraxeda.com/ autotraxeda.com] || || || || AUTOTraxEDA needs MS-NT, won't work on MS-W98/ME. User forums have shown a certain lack of satisfaction with the program. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.holophase.com/dleval.htm holophase.com/dleval] || Win32 || Crippleware || || Circad's DOS version is free for non-commercial use. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.geda.seul.org/ geda.seul.org] || BSD, Linux, MacOSX, Win32 || GPL || autorouter || xNIX Electronic Design Automation project has Schematic capture with PCB CAD. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.vutrax.co.uk/pricing.htm vutrax.co.uk/pricing] || Win32 || || autorouter || Vutrax for MS-Windows. Free for under 256 component pins. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.interactiv.com interactiv.com] || || || || Electronic Workbench, 400 USD for 500 pins. Includes schematic capture and simulation, virtual instruments and PCB layout. Said to be stable. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://pcb.sourceforge.net Harry Eaton's PCB] || BSD?, Linux?, MacOSX?, Win32 || GPL || autorouter || PCB design program which can work under any POSIX compliant operating system like Linux (or BSD under API compability layer). Have Gerber and PostScript output options. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.labcenter.co.uk/ labcenter.co.uk] || || || || They have a lite version "PIC bundle" ~149 USD includes schematic + simulation + pcb layout. You can write pic code for your pic schematic design and simulate. Even multi-pic, keypad, lcd display. Right now it can only simulate PIC16x83, PIC16x84 (lite version limited to 1k program code). Working on more pic modules. Will not produce Gerber or Excellion drill files. Only dxf, bmp, hpgl, tiff output (not sufficient!). | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.ivex.com/ ivex.com] || || Payware || || Winboard PCB Layout, now [http://www.calcentron.com/Pages/NTEHomePage/ivex_cad_software.htm calcentron.com]. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.illuminated.com.au/ illuminated.com.au] || Linux, Win32, DOS<!-- Claimed --> || || || Draftcad, Schematic Capture and PCB Design | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[http://www.winqcad.com/ winqcad.com] || Win32, Linux+Wine || || || MicroCad | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [http://www.4pcb.com/index.php?load=content&page_id=46 "PCB ARTIST"] || Win32 || ? || || schematic + layout. Seems to lock you into using Advanced Circuits for manufacture (?). | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [http://www.sunstone.com/PCB123.aspx PCB123] || Win32 || ? || || schematic + layout. Seems to lock you into using Sunstone for manufacture (?). | ||
+ | |} | ||
− | ( | + | (Some of this information in this table came from the [http://techref.massmind.org/techref/pcbcads.htm list of software design tools at the Massmind]). |
− | |||
− | == | + | A [http://sourceforge.net/search/?type_of_search=soft&words=schematic SourceForge search for "schematic"] lists dozens of tools. |
− | + | Other than the ones already listed above, what tools in that list are useful for open circuits? | |
− | + | Is there any way to objectively compare these tools? | |
− | + | How well did they do at the | |
+ | [http://www.pcbwest.com/topgun/ PCB Top Gun contest] ? | ||
== [[PC-Microcontroller Communications]] == | == [[PC-Microcontroller Communications]] == | ||
− | Discussion of the various methods to connect a microcontroller or embedded system to a PC | + | |
+ | Discussion of the various methods to connect a microcontroller or embedded system to a PC. | ||
== Embedded System Programming and Testing == | == Embedded System Programming and Testing == | ||
Line 69: | Line 167: | ||
Humans writing a program almost always do it in a language. Here is a section that discusses some of these languages: [[Programming Languages]] | Humans writing a program almost always do it in a language. Here is a section that discusses some of these languages: [[Programming Languages]] | ||
− | == | + | == Enclosure == |
− | |||
− | |||
* The Earth Signal should short to whole metal Case | * The Earth Signal should short to whole metal Case | ||
* Digital/Analog GND should separate to this Earth Signal, and should connect a Y-cap. to filter the noise between them. | * Digital/Analog GND should separate to this Earth Signal, and should connect a Y-cap. to filter the noise between them. | ||
* Attention: do not place near between Earth Signal and Digital/Analog GND, otherwise some spark come out, and affect your whole system. | * Attention: do not place near between Earth Signal and Digital/Analog GND, otherwise some spark come out, and affect your whole system. | ||
− | |||
− | == | + | == Further Reading == |
− | |||
− | |||
* [http://airborn.com.au/method/ "Electronics Design" from Airborn] gives an overview of the complete process: specification, (schematic) circuit design, layout, prototypes, firmware, pilot run, production. | * [http://airborn.com.au/method/ "Electronics Design" from Airborn] gives an overview of the complete process: specification, (schematic) circuit design, layout, prototypes, firmware, pilot run, production. | ||
* EDA electronic design automation software is a subset of CAD in general. Is there a wiki that discusses CAD in general? Until I find it, I'm going to post these tools here: "Google SketchUp is a powerful yet easy-to-learn 3D software tool" http://sketchup.google.com/ ; "Inkscape is the best tool for SVG standard vector graphics" http://wiki.inkscape.org/ ; Visual Wiki http://visualwiki.org/ | * EDA electronic design automation software is a subset of CAD in general. Is there a wiki that discusses CAD in general? Until I find it, I'm going to post these tools here: "Google SketchUp is a powerful yet easy-to-learn 3D software tool" http://sketchup.google.com/ ; "Inkscape is the best tool for SVG standard vector graphics" http://wiki.inkscape.org/ ; Visual Wiki http://visualwiki.org/ | ||
Line 91: | Line 184: | ||
* [http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/pcbs.html electricstuff.co.uk/pcbs] | * [http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/pcbs.html electricstuff.co.uk/pcbs] | ||
* [http://www.fullnet.com/~tomg/gooteepc.htm fullnet.com/~tomg/gooteepc] | * [http://www.fullnet.com/~tomg/gooteepc.htm fullnet.com/~tomg/gooteepc] | ||
− | * | + | * The notion that through-hole soldering is easier than soldering surface-mount devices is, and always has been, [http://archives.seul.org/geda/user/Aug-2004/msg00175.html a myth.] |
* [http://www.instructables.com/id/Intro-into-SMD-Soldering/ Intro into SMD Soldering] | * [http://www.instructables.com/id/Intro-into-SMD-Soldering/ Intro into SMD Soldering] | ||
* [http://PMinMO.com/ PMinMO.com is THE PLACE for DIY CNC driver information] | * [http://PMinMO.com/ PMinMO.com is THE PLACE for DIY CNC driver information] | ||
− | |||
== Environmental Issues == | == Environmental Issues == | ||
− | + | ||
+ | see [[better for the environment]]. | ||
+ | |||
[[Category:Techniques]] | [[Category:Techniques]] |