Editing POV display

== POV display ==

A "persistence of vision display" (POV display) has only a single line of LEDs blinking on and off.
The display mechanically sweeps it across a person's field of view,
giving the illusion of a 2D display.

''(Do I need a diagram or a picture here?)''

(Nearly all LED displays in microwave ovens and alarm clocks electrically sweep the digits across a person's field of view, giving the illusion that it's displaying all 4 digits of the time "12:55" when actually only one digit is illuminated at any one instant).

[[User:DavidCary]] is building yet another "POV display".

I plan on putting a few features into my display that I haven't seen in any other so far:

* bright blue LEDs (even though blue is usually the most expensive color ... although sometimes "true green" is even more expensive than blue).
* no slip rings -- just pumping energy across an air gap
* ... and a few other features that I'm keeping hush-hush.

I want lots of lumens.
Unfortunately, when I go to pick LEDs out of the catalogs, they're not
rated in lumens, they're rated in candelas.

----
Is it even possible to estimate "lumens" from the catalog information?

You can use this table to get an approximate conversion from candelas to lumens. Find your LED beam width in degrees, and divide the candelas number in your specs by the cd/lm factor listed for that beam angle to get lumens.

beam angle	cd/lm
5		167.22
10		41.82
15		18.60
20		10.48
25		6.71
30		4.67
35		3.44
40		2.64
45		2.09

Do you know what the difference is? Does your flashlight really
produce 10 times the light ( in lumens)? Or does the flashlight merely
focus its light on a tiny spot, so that that spot gets 10 times as
many candelas ?

For example, check out these 2 LEDs:
$8.75 SSP-LX6144C7UC : 4000 mcd at 120 mA
$8.75 SSP-LX6144D7UC : 1800 mcd at 120 mA

From the mcd rating, it appears that the first one is more than 2wice
as bright -- and it is, if you're directly in front of it when you
look at it.
However, if you're even the tiniest bit off-center, the second one is
much brighter -- in fact, the total lumens that second LED puts out
(2500 mlm) is slightly more than the total lumens than the first one.
If you diffuse the light and try to light up a whole room with an
array of them, the second one will make the room brighter.

I'm currently planning on using these in my first POV display:
* $1.32 Telux TLWB7900 : blue : 330 mlm, 231 mcd at 50 mA. (price in ones from http://Newark.com/ )

Other LEDs I considered using in my POV display (and may re-consider for my next one):

* $18.89 "Lamina light engine" BL-22B1-0140 : 22000 mlm at 420 mA. (this price includes the required heat sink -- price in ones from http://Digikey.com/ ). This has the most lumens per dollar I've found so far (for blue LEDs).
* $8.750 Sunbrite LuxLEDs SSP-LX6144D7UC blue: 120 mA, 2500 mlm, 1800 mcd (Odd that the red Sunbrite LuxLEDs are cheaper at Newark, the other colors cheaper at Digikey.) cheapest $/lumen blue LED, except for the "light engine"
* $2.550 Lumex "DSP LED" 67-1876-ND: blue, 5 mm, 2500 mcd ( DigiKey ) apparently have some kind of internal chip. All colors run at 2.0 V nominal (1.5 V minimum) (rather than running on current like most LEDs. unfortunately, the data sheet doesn't suggest how much current they take -- I presume more than 20 mA).
* $1.600 Sunbrite "based LED" SSP-01TWB7UWB12 (441-1007-ND) blue 10 mm 20 mA 7000 mcd
* $5.980 GM5WA06270A SMT RGB (35 mA red, 35 mA green, 35 mA blue) 3000 mcd (full color range -- apparently used for digital camera flash ?) (Digikey)
* Mouser: hi-power LEDs ( http://www.mouser.com/search/refine.aspx?Ntt=LEDs+hi-power ) shows "lumens" directly -- exactly what I wanted.

== further reading ==
Many POV devices are based on the PIC, see the [[PIC Links]] and search on POV.
<br>
Spoke-POV and propeller clocks links:
* A POV device able to display any video file thanks to an embedded Gumstix http://roseace.telecom-paristech.fr/
* An entire discussion forum devoted to POV displays http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewforum.php?f=11
** In particular, lots of nice pictures http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?p=4712
** 'no-microcontroller-programmer-needed' minipov http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?t=32
* LEDtoy on Sourceforge http://ledtoy.sourceforge.net/
* Ian’s Spoke POV http://www.ianpaterson.org/projects/spokepov20050704/index.htm
* "Propeller Clock" Mechanically Scanned LED Clock: by Bob Blick http://www.bobblick.com/techref/projects/propclock/propclock.html (I think this is the original POV display)
* micro POV display http://positron.org/projects/mpov/ small enough for "glueing it to my shaved head."
* [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/mechscan/dualpic/gamesys.php "Virtual Game System - A game console with a mechanically scanned display."] can play [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/mechscan/dualpic/tetris.php Virtual Tetris] by Rickard Gunée.
* [http://code.google.com/p/bicycleledpov/w/list bicycleledpov wiki]: A bicycle visual LED artwork
* [http://popsci.com/povclock Popular Science: "Build It: The Persistence of Vision Wall Clock"] by Dave Prochnow
* Arduino Polar Scanner Project [http://www.desk-nijverdal.nl/ArduinoPOV.html]
* LilyPad Arduino POV Wristband [http://blog.craftzine.com/archive/2010/03/lilypad_arduino_pov_wristband.html]
* "Mechanically scanned display stuff" built by Rickard Gunée [http://www.rickard.gunee.com/projects/]

While most POV displays spin the LEDs in a complete circle, some "wiggle" the LEDs back and forth:
* [http://www.instructables.com/id/Wiggling-clock-LED-Project/ "Wiggling clock (LED-Project)"]

----

Is this http://led-display-and-design-swicki.eurekster.com/ relevant?

I think so--[[User:71.234.233.163|71.234.233.163]] 18:06, 22 June 2007 (PDT)


* "the Orbital Rendersphere"[http://www.orbitalrendersphere.com/][http://beagleboard.org/blog/2013-12-17-project-spotlight-orbital-rendersphere/][http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1319591&print=yes][http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/gonzo/7-builds-we-love-from-world-maker-faire-new-york-2013-7#slide-7][http://makerfaire.com/makers/makerbars-orbital-rendersphere-2-0/], aka the "Big Giant Spinning Limb Slicer".
The Orbital Rendersphere displays images and videos on a four-foot diameter spherical surface using persistence of vision (POV).
Uses a (stationary) Mac Mini to render each frame, and a (spinning) BeagleBone Black to update the LEDs.
Slip ring for power; Wi-Fi to transfer data.
The Orbital Rendersphere displays video at 30 frames per second by spinning four vertical LED strips spaced 90 degrees apart at 450 RPM.
36 feet of WS80211 LED strips.
''(But it looks like 2 complete circles, each 4 ft diameter -- isn't that closer to 25 feet?)''
102x224 pixel resolution.
Several people comment that this is the biggest POV globe they've ever seen.
It's mentioned on p. 1-44 of
John Baichtal, "Robot Builder"[http://books.google.com/books?id=6W4eBQAAQBAJ].
Uses LEDscape[https://trmm.net/Orbital_Rendersphere].

* "Mike Cook's magic wand"[http://www.raspberrypi.org/mike-cooks-magic-wand/][http://www.thebox.myzen.co.uk/Raspberry/Magic_Wand.html].

* Mike Szczys. [http://hackaday.com/2012/09/11/full-color-video-on-a-spinning-pov-display/ "Full-color video on a spinning POV display"]. Built by Félix, Sylvain, and Jérémy at at Telecom ParisTech. highest-resolution POV display I've seen so far. "The time it took us was roughly two months full time". (Does this have a name?)

* [https://www.das-labor.org/wiki/Borg_Ventilator "Borg Ventilator"]. Twice the resolution of the Telecom ParisTech display? A total of 244 RGB LEDs (spread over 4 wings). Has standard VGA input; a Xilinx FPGA and a bunch of support chips convert to circular coordinates. Power through slip rings. Data through non-contact inductive transfer (recycled VCR head). "The speed is infinitely adjustable between 0 and 2500 rpm / min. The FPGA adapts to the actual speed"

* Collin Cunningham. "Ceiling fan POV display"[http://makezine.com/2009/07/23/how-to-ceiling-fan-pov-display/][http://www.instructables.com/id/Ceiling-Fan-LED-Display/]. A single ATMEGA328 and 20 74HC595 shift registers to drive the LEDs. 32 LEDs per fan blade x 5 blades = 160 LEDs.

* Gareth Branwyn. "MonkeyLectric 3D spherical POV display"[http://makezine.com/2010/12/15/dan-goldwater-projects/][http://www.instructables.com/id/n00tron-3D-Spherical-Display-Interactive-Exhibit/]. by Dan Goldwater / MonkeyLectric.

* [http://stargateeggbeater.com/ "The Stargate Eggbeater: Spherical Persistence of Vision (POV) Display Device"].
Mentions
<q>
"we recently decided to move this project to the Raspberry Pi board away from Arduino.
The capabilities and processing power of the Pi are much greater than Arduino.
... [but] ... the refresh rate is too slow, much slower then the Arduino was.
We need some help figuring out how to turn up the SPI speed with our current software arrangement.
...
used Phillip Burgess' at Adafruit 'Light Painting' Python script to process images and output to the LPD8806 http://learn.adafruit.com/light-painting-with-raspberry-pi/software
"</q>

* PixelPi: RGB Pixel Array Driver for the Raspberry Pi[https://github.com/scottjgibson/PixelPi]. Based on Phillip Burgess 'Light Painting' Python script. Apparently supports many different POV hardware displays.

* [http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1319194&print=yes "POV Deathstar Doubles as Spherical Display"]. Raspberry Pi; Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA with a DVI decoding core; 360 x 168 pixel resolution; 10 frames/s; 4-phase commutator to deliver 75 watts of power.
** [http://povglobe.wordpress.com/system-overview/][https://www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/faculty/news/2013/visually-stunning-project.shtml]

* [http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/137110/rotating-pov-led-cylinder-using-addressable-rgb-led-strips "Rotating POV LED Cylinder Using Addressable RGB LED Strips"]

''(FIXME: make a separate section for bicycle POV displays)''

* Hazard. [http://www.instructables.com/id/RGBike-POV-Open-project/ "RGBike POV - Open project"]. Arduino compatible; 16 RGB LEDs; hall effect sensor; through-hole components and single-layer PCB for easy fabrication.

* liquidhandwash [http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-POV-wheel-lights/ "Simple POV wheel lights"] -- elegant and simple. No circuit board. No microcontroller.

* [http://code.google.com/p/bicycleledpov/ Bicycle LED POV] is an electronic LED bar to attach on bicycle wheels. When riding the bicycle, the LED bar will draw with light, text messages and image animations. Free/Open hardware, firmware and software.
* [http://www.makezine.com/blog/archive/2007/03/luscious_electric_delight.html "luscious electric delight"]: source and schematics for a large graphical LED panel. Uses 12 MAX6953 LED drivers; each MAX6953 drives four 5x7 led matrices. The PC generates arbitrary bitmap, sends it out the serial port to a PIC, which translates it to I2C bus connected to all the MAX6953 LED drivers, which update the image at a continuous frame rate of 30fps.
* [https://oldwiki.blinkenarea.org/bin/view/Blinkenarea/BlinkenProjects BlinkenProjects]: projects with lots of LEDs[http://www.kiu.weite-welt.com/de.schoar.blog/?p=206], including a 3D LED array. Wiki: http://wiki.blinkenarea.org/
* [http://www.ianpaterson.org/projects/spokepov20050704/index.htm  Ian’s Spoke POV] Review it.
* [http://www.electric-clothing.com/superpov.html Project: Super POV] Review it.
* [http://www.ladyada.net/make/spokepov/index.html SpokePOV Persistence of Vision for your Bike] Very nice, kit available.
* [http://www.attiny.com/dotmatrix.htm On this page you will find a scrolling LED sign based on the ATtiny2313 AVR microcontroller] Row Column approach with a shift register]
* [http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2007/02/flashing-led-bra.html Flashing LED Bra]
* [http://www.evilmadscientist.com/article.php/peggy "Peggy," A Light Emitting Pegboard Display]
* Christmas trees are now led based so: [http://computerchristmas.com/ The #1 Site for Controlling Christmas Lights with a Computer]
* [http://members.misty.com/don//ledx.html Don Klipstein's LED Main Page]  Lots of good info.
* [http://www.instructables.com/id/Synchronizing-Fireflies/ Synchronizing Fireflies] ATtiny super smart swarm of LEDs.
* [http://www.u-disp.com/ U-Disp - An Open Sourced USB display]
* [http://crushingabyss.com/sunrise_alarmclock/index.html Sunrise LED Alarm Clock] ATMega8515 controlling two color-mixed high-power LED channels with PWM.  Also contains a RTC circuit and a serial port.  Full source including PC Windows serial port communication code.
* [http://dotmatrixdesign.tumblr.com/ dotmatrixdesign: Twitter LED Scroller Build Log]: an Arduino shield for a 7x5 LED matrix, and all the schematics, board layouts, Arduino firmware, and PC software to make it scroll text from a Twitter feed.
* [http://www.thekeeser.com/Projects/mechanically_scanned_led_display.htm "Mechanically Scanned LED display"] by Chris "thekeeser". Using PIC16F628, a infrared 1 pulse per revolution sensor so it can automatically adapt to any rotation rate, and multi-colored LEDs. Detailed notes on the software development.
* [http://sites.google.com/site/libby8dev/stripes/examples "PhorsePOV - a minimal handheld POV"] by Julian Skidmore. Avr AtTiny25 based driving 6 LEDs and uses a single button to enter text.
* [http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/pov Electronics Stackexchange: questions tagged POV Persistence Of Vision] has a long list of questions people are asking about POV displays, many of them with excellent answers.
* [http://ohmprojects.com/prop/prop.html Ohm's propeller display] and [http://ohmprojects.com/prop-rgb/prop-rgb.html Ohm's RGB propeller display]

* ahmedebeed555. [http://www.instructables.com/id/7-segment-pov-16F84/ "7 segment pov 16F84"].

It might be nice to make a [[spinning electronic]]s page to describe the many weird and wonderful ways that people (a) get power to the spinning electronics, and (b) transmit data to and from the spinning electronics.
POV displays are the most popular kind of spinning electronics,
but the same approaches are useful for other kinds of spinning electronics
such as run-time tire pressure sensors and [http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/12704/electrified-vertical-mounted-rotary-joint-questions bioreactors].

[[category:projects]]
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 You can use this table to get an approximate conversion from candelas to lumens. Find your LED beam width in degrees, and divide the candelas number in your specs by the cd/lm factor listed for that beam angle to get lumens.
-<br>
-beam angle	cd/lm<br>
-beam angle = 5 divide candela value by 167.22<br>
-beam angle = 10 divide candela value by 41.82<br>
-beam angle = 15 divide candela value by 18.60<br>
-beam angle = 20 divide candela value by 10.48<br>
-beam angle = 25 divide candela value by 6.71<br>
-beam angle = 30 divide candela value by 4.67<br>
-beam angle = 35 divide candela value by 3.44<br>
-beam angle = 40 divide candela value by 2.64<br>
-beam angle = 45 divide candela value by 2.09<br>
-Hope this helps.....Dr. Andrew Thomas...
+beam angle	cd/lm
+		167.22
+		41.82
+		18.60
+		10.48
+		6.71
+		4.67
+		3.44
+		2.64
+		2.09
 Do you know what the difference is? Does your flashlight really