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== Logic Gates == | == Logic Gates == | ||
− | Logic gates are the building blocks of digital circuits. Any digital circuit including microprocessors can be built out of the NOT function plus AND or OR. | + | Logic gates are the building blocks of digital circuits. Any digital circuit including microprocessors can be built out of the NOT function plus AND or OR. |
Common forms found in discrete gates: | Common forms found in discrete gates: | ||
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There are hundreds of other specialized logic gates. Here we only list the ones we actually use in some Open Circuit [[Projects|Project]]: | There are hundreds of other specialized logic gates. Here we only list the ones we actually use in some Open Circuit [[Projects|Project]]: | ||
− | * 74HC595 eight bit shift register with output latch (used for [[POV display]]) | + | * 74HC595 eight bit shift register with output latch (used for [[POV display]]) |
* Low pin count( 8 - 12 ) microcontrollers are great for logic gate replacement when high speed is not required. Athough slower, slightly more expensive, and needing to be programmed they are great for prototyping due to the extra flexibility that comes from not needing to stock lots of gate variations. | * Low pin count( 8 - 12 ) microcontrollers are great for logic gate replacement when high speed is not required. Athough slower, slightly more expensive, and needing to be programmed they are great for prototyping due to the extra flexibility that comes from not needing to stock lots of gate variations. | ||
* FPGAs are flexible ICs contain a very large number of gates( thousands to millions ) that can be arbitrarily connected together through programming in VHDL. Only available in surface mount large pin counts. Many people prototype processor designs with these devices ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_processor Wikipedia: soft microprocessor]). | * FPGAs are flexible ICs contain a very large number of gates( thousands to millions ) that can be arbitrarily connected together through programming in VHDL. Only available in surface mount large pin counts. Many people prototype processor designs with these devices ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_processor Wikipedia: soft microprocessor]). | ||
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== Microcontrollers == | == Microcontrollers == | ||
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== RF ICs/Modules == | == RF ICs/Modules == | ||
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RF modules allow transmission and reception of digital signals over radio. The two most common types are AM and FM( FSK ). The three major frequency bands used by unlicensed devices are 433MHz, 900MHz, and 2.4GHz. 433MHz has very limited uses by the FCC and is mostly used by garage door openers and wireless key entry systems. Many newer devices are moving to 2.4GHz due to the greater amount of room, althrough 2.4GHz is harder to use and has less range then the same power 900MHz system. | RF modules allow transmission and reception of digital signals over radio. The two most common types are AM and FM( FSK ). The three major frequency bands used by unlicensed devices are 433MHz, 900MHz, and 2.4GHz. 433MHz has very limited uses by the FCC and is mostly used by garage door openers and wireless key entry systems. Many newer devices are moving to 2.4GHz due to the greater amount of room, althrough 2.4GHz is harder to use and has less range then the same power 900MHz system. | ||
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== Voltage Regulators == | == Voltage Regulators == | ||
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{| | {| | ||
! colspan="2" align="left"| Linear Regulators | ! colspan="2" align="left"| Linear Regulators |