Difference between revisions of "Motors"

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Motors transform electrical energy into motion ( typically rotary, but there are also linear motors ).  There are a large number of types of motors, but most rely on magnetic forces to produce the motion.  Motors are often separated into classes based on the type of electric voltage required ( AC or DC ) or the amount of power they produce, or the internal construction.  Many motors require, or can benifit from some for of motor controller or driver, these can be a simple as a current limiting resistance, or can be complex microcontroller devices.  A motor controller may take a DC voltage and convert it to AC so that an AC motor may appear to be a DC one.
 
Motors transform electrical energy into motion ( typically rotary, but there are also linear motors ).  There are a large number of types of motors, but most rely on magnetic forces to produce the motion.  Motors are often separated into classes based on the type of electric voltage required ( AC or DC ) or the amount of power they produce, or the internal construction.  Many motors require, or can benifit from some for of motor controller or driver, these can be a simple as a current limiting resistance, or can be complex microcontroller devices.  A motor controller may take a DC voltage and convert it to AC so that an AC motor may appear to be a DC one.
  
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== Stepper Motors ==
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Links:
 +
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor Electric motor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 +
*[http://www.electojects.com/motors/ Motors Guide]
 +
 
 +
== Motor Types ==
 +
=== Brushed Motors ===
 +
Typically a DC motor.  Brushes transfer electrical energy to rotating parts and in conjunction with a commutator switch the direction of the current and magnetic field to support the motor's rotation.
 +
 
 +
*[http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00905a.pdf Brushed DC Motor Fundamentals]
 +
 
 +
=== Brushless Motors ===
 +
 
 +
These are motors that are in many respects similar to stepper motors, but are typically used for applications of high power/weight situations ( model aircraft such as [[multi-rotor]] helicopters) or high efficiency ( disk drives ).  They typically run on DC through a [[motor driver#BLDC | brushless motor controller]].
 +
 
 +
Links:
 +
 
 +
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor Brushless DC electric motor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]
 +
 
 +
=== Stepper Motors ===
 
A stepper motor is an electric motor that turns a well define amount ( say 6 degrees ), a step, when connected to the right power source. Repeated activation will cause the motor to move any number of steps in either direction desired. Used for carefully controlled motion.  Microcontrollers are often used as part of the drive system for a stepper motor.  A stepper motor is basically an AC ( or pulsed DC ) motor and requires a motor driver of some sort.
 
A stepper motor is an electric motor that turns a well define amount ( say 6 degrees ), a step, when connected to the right power source. Repeated activation will cause the motor to move any number of steps in either direction desired. Used for carefully controlled motion.  Microcontrollers are often used as part of the drive system for a stepper motor.  A stepper motor is basically an AC ( or pulsed DC ) motor and requires a motor driver of some sort.
  
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Uses
+
Uses:
 
*Printers
 
*Printers
 
*Machine tools
 
*Machine tools
 
*Robots
 
*Robots
 +
*Generators
 +
*Rotary Encoders [[Experimenting with Stepper Motors as Rotary Encoders using a PIC running BoostC Project]]
 +
 
Links:
 
Links:
 +
 +
 +
*[http://www.imagesco.com/articles/picstepper/02.html How Stepper Motors Work]
 +
*[[PIC Links]] and search on "Stepper"
 +
*[[Arduino Links]] and search on "Stepper"
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stepper_motor Wikipedia: "stepper motor"]
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stepper_motor Wikipedia: "stepper motor"]
 
*[http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/StepperUnipolar Arduino: "Unipolar Stepper Motor"]
 
*[http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/StepperUnipolar Arduino: "Unipolar Stepper Motor"]
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*[http://electojects.com/motors/stepper-motors-1.htm Stepper Motors]
 
*[http://electojects.com/motors/stepper-motors-1.htm Stepper Motors]
 
*[http://www.romanblack.com/stepper.htm www.RomanBlack.com Measuring Stepper Motors] Basics of stepper motor torque and how to measure it.
 
*[http://www.romanblack.com/stepper.htm www.RomanBlack.com Measuring Stepper Motors] Basics of stepper motor torque and how to measure it.
 +
*[http://www.reuk.co.uk/Stepper-Motor-Voltage-Doubler-Circuit.htm Stepper Motor Voltage Doubler Circuit] Using as generator and a voltage doubling circuit.
 +
*[http://www.tigoe.net/pcomp/code/circuits/motors/stepper-motors Stepper Motors: code, circuits, & construction]
 +
*[http://www.imagesco.com/articles/picstepper/01.html Controlling Stepper Motors with a PIC Microcontroller]
 +
*[http://chipscoop.blogspot.com/2012/09/bipolar-microstepping-motor-driver.html  Bipolar microstepping motor driver roundup]
  
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==Micro controller driving==
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=== Servo Motors ===
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{{main|motor driver}}
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A nice simple way to control the position of an object is to use a servo motor.  A servo motor can be any kind of motor that is equipped with a position sensor and a feedback network to control the position..  The information from that sensor is then used to control the motor.  In common "RC" servos the sensor is a potentiometer and all the drive electronics are packaged inside the case with the motor.  The typical RC servo is powered on 5 volts and takes a PWM signal to control its rotation.  Rotation is usually limited to about 90 degrees, and the force at the end of the servo arm ( or horn ) is a few oz. or pounds ( really you should rate it by torque ).  Rotation position can be quite accurately controlled, and typically the motor will move in sub second times  Sometimes these motors are modified to allow continuous rotation, but then the "servo" is gone from the motor and they do not have their nice ability to set a position.  RC Servo motor is vaguely in the $10 range.
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* [http://www.tigoe.net/pcomp/code/category/code/arduinowiring/51 Arduino: "Stepper Motor Control"]
 
−
* The ULN2803 is a [[Popular Parts]] for putting between a small motor and a microcontroller.
 
−
 
 
−
== Servo Motors ==
 
−
A nice simple way to control the position of an object is to use a servo motor.  A servo motor can be any kind of motor that is equipped with a position sensor and a feedback network to control the position..  The information from that sensor is then used to control the motor.  In common "RC" servos the sensor is a potentiometer and all the drive electronics are packaged inside the case with the motor.  The typical RC servo is powered on 5 volts and takes a PWM signal to control its rotation.  Rotation is usually limited to about 90 degrees, and the force at the end of the servo arm ( or horn ) is a few oz. or pounds ( really you should rate it by torque ).  Rotation position can be quite accurately controlled, and typically the motor will move in sub second times  Sometimes these motors are modified to allow continuous rotation, but then the "servo" is gone from the motor and they do not have their nice ability to set a position.  RC Servo motor pricing begins at about $10.
 
  
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We could use a lot more links here:
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Some Links:
  
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See the [[motor driver]] page for more information on the Open Servo project.
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*[[PIC Links]] and search on "Servo"
 +
*[[Arduino Links]] and search on "Servo"
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* [[Servo control]]
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*[http://principialabs.com/arduino-serial-servo-control/ Arduino Serial Servo Control]
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*[http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/knob Arduino Examples > Servo Library]
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*[http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Servo Arduino Servo library]
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*[http://luckylarry.co.uk/arduino-projects/controlling-a-servo-with-arduino/ Controlling a Servo with Arduino]
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*See the [[motor driver]] page for more information on the Open Servo project.
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*[http://www.seattlerobotics.org/guide/servos.html Whats a Servo?]
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*[http://www.servocity.com/html/how_do_servos_work_.html How do Servos Work?]
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism Servomechanism  Servomechanism at Wikipedia]
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*[http://www.epanorama.net/documents/motor/rcservos.html RC servo controlling]
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*[http://makeprojects.com/Wiki/Servos Make Projects: Servos]
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*[http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/projects/servo.html PIC Based Speed Controller]
  
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== Universial Motors ==
+
=== Universial Motors ===
  
 
Run on AC or DC.
 
Run on AC or DC.
  
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== AC Motors ==
+
=== AC Motors ===
  
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=== Induction Motors ===
+
==== Induction Motors ====
 
Current is induced from one part of the motor to another to eliminate brushes, slip rings and the like.  A problem with them is getting them started.  Run at a near synchronous speed ( but some slip is required to induce currents ).
 
Current is induced from one part of the motor to another to eliminate brushes, slip rings and the like.  A problem with them is getting them started.  Run at a near synchronous speed ( but some slip is required to induce currents ).
−
=== Capicator Start Motors ===
+
==== Capicator Start Motors ====
 
AC motors often need a phase difference between various windings to start.  In some motors this is supplied using a capacitor.
 
AC motors often need a phase difference between various windings to start.  In some motors this is supplied using a capacitor.
−
=== Synchronous Motors ===
+
==== Synchronous Motors ====
 
These motors are used when the speed of the motor needs to be synchronized with the power line in an exact way, the typical motor in an AC clock.
 
These motors are used when the speed of the motor needs to be synchronized with the power line in an exact way, the typical motor in an AC clock.
−
=== Multi Phase Motors ===
+
==== Multi Phase Motors ====
 
Multiphase motors have several advantages including more power for a given peak current.
 
Multiphase motors have several advantages including more power for a given peak current.
  
−
== Gear Head Motors ==
+
=== Gear Head Motors ===
 
Any type of motor with reduction gears integrated into the motor.  Used for high torque, low speed applications.
 
Any type of motor with reduction gears integrated into the motor.  Used for high torque, low speed applications.
 +
 +
== Motor Controllers ==
 +
===Micro controller driving===
 +
{{main|motor driver}}
 +
* [http://www.tigoe.net/pcomp/code/category/code/arduinowiring/51 Arduino: "Stepper Motor Control"]
 +
* The ULN2803 is a [[Popular Parts]] for putting between a small motor and a microcontroller.
  
 
== Other Info ==
 
== Other Info ==

Latest revision as of 05:37, 10 December 2014

General[edit]

Motors transform electrical energy into motion ( typically rotary, but there are also linear motors ). There are a large number of types of motors, but most rely on magnetic forces to produce the motion. Motors are often separated into classes based on the type of electric voltage required ( AC or DC ) or the amount of power they produce, or the internal construction. Many motors require, or can benifit from some for of motor controller or driver, these can be a simple as a current limiting resistance, or can be complex microcontroller devices. A motor controller may take a DC voltage and convert it to AC so that an AC motor may appear to be a DC one.

Links:

Motor Types[edit]

Brushed Motors[edit]

Typically a DC motor. Brushes transfer electrical energy to rotating parts and in conjunction with a commutator switch the direction of the current and magnetic field to support the motor's rotation.

Brushless Motors[edit]

These are motors that are in many respects similar to stepper motors, but are typically used for applications of high power/weight situations ( model aircraft such as multi-rotor helicopters) or high efficiency ( disk drives ). They typically run on DC through a brushless motor controller.

Links:

Stepper Motors[edit]

A stepper motor is an electric motor that turns a well define amount ( say 6 degrees ), a step, when connected to the right power source. Repeated activation will cause the motor to move any number of steps in either direction desired. Used for carefully controlled motion. Microcontrollers are often used as part of the drive system for a stepper motor. A stepper motor is basically an AC ( or pulsed DC ) motor and requires a motor driver of some sort.

Uses:

Links:


Servo Motors[edit]

A nice simple way to control the position of an object is to use a servo motor. A servo motor can be any kind of motor that is equipped with a position sensor and a feedback network to control the position.. The information from that sensor is then used to control the motor. In common "RC" servos the sensor is a potentiometer and all the drive electronics are packaged inside the case with the motor. The typical RC servo is powered on 5 volts and takes a PWM signal to control its rotation. Rotation is usually limited to about 90 degrees, and the force at the end of the servo arm ( or horn ) is a few oz. or pounds ( really you should rate it by torque ). Rotation position can be quite accurately controlled, and typically the motor will move in sub second times Sometimes these motors are modified to allow continuous rotation, but then the "servo" is gone from the motor and they do not have their nice ability to set a position. RC Servo motor is vaguely in the $10 range.

Some Links:

Universial Motors[edit]

Run on AC or DC.

AC Motors[edit]

Induction Motors[edit]

Current is induced from one part of the motor to another to eliminate brushes, slip rings and the like. A problem with them is getting them started. Run at a near synchronous speed ( but some slip is required to induce currents ).

Capicator Start Motors[edit]

AC motors often need a phase difference between various windings to start. In some motors this is supplied using a capacitor.

Synchronous Motors[edit]

These motors are used when the speed of the motor needs to be synchronized with the power line in an exact way, the typical motor in an AC clock.

Multi Phase Motors[edit]

Multiphase motors have several advantages including more power for a given peak current.

Gear Head Motors[edit]

Any type of motor with reduction gears integrated into the motor. Used for high torque, low speed applications.

Motor Controllers[edit]

Micro controller driving[edit]

Main Article: motor driver

Other Info[edit]

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