Difference between revisions of "Minimig Video d/a resistor ladder"

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(calculated resistor values matched to found ones)
(→‎Useful links: component source)
 
(7 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
:Equations:
+
== Electrical model ==
−
::Total resistance = 1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75
+
[[Image:Minimig_dac_resistor_ladder_model.png|thumb| none |150px|D/A resistor ladder electrical model]]<br><!-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax -->
−
::Common current through resistor ladder plus vga impedance (75 ohm) = 3.3V / 357.8282..
+
 
−
::Current * vga impedance = 0.6917V (specification says 0.7 p-p)
+
== Equations ==
−
::Output voltage = 75 * (3.3/(1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75)) = 0.6917V
+
:Defining constants:
 +
::U_vga = 0.7 V
 +
::R_vga = 75 Ω
 +
::U_vcc = 3.3 V
 +
 
 +
::Total resistance = 1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75 = 357.8282.. Ω
 +
::Common current through resistor ladder plus vga impedance (75Ω) = 3.3V / 357.8282.. = 0.009222 A
 +
::Current * [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]] impedance = 0.6917 V (specification says max 0.7V p-p)
 +
::Output voltage = 75 * (3.3/(1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75)) = 0.6917 V
 +
 
 
:Simplification:
 
:Simplification:
−
:U = (75*3.3)/(1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75) = 0.6917V
+
::U = (75*3.3)/(1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75) = 0.6917V
−
:
 
−
 
 
−
:Base constant = (1/8+1/4+1/2+1/1)/(1/((R_vga*U_vcc)/U_vga-R_vga)) = 522.3214 ohm
 
  
−
:Deviation
+
:Base resistor value = (1/8+1/4+1/2+1/1)/(1/((R_vga*U_vcc)/U_vga-R_vga)) = 522.3214Ω
−
:: 523/523 = 1.0000
+
 +
:Deviation summary:
 +
::0523/523 = 1.0000
 
::1050/523 = 2.0076
 
::1050/523 = 2.0076
 
::2100/523 = 4.0153
 
::2100/523 = 4.0153
 
::4220/523 = 8.0688
 
::4220/523 = 8.0688
−
:
 
−
:As can be seen no more than 1% is useful with digikey resistors.
 
  
−
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor wikipedia: Resistor]
+
:As can be seen no more than 1% is useful with digikey resistors. Resistor combinations will add tolerances and use valuable pcb space.
−
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferred_number#Capacitors_and_resistors wikipedia: Preferred number]
+
:Maximum output voltage if VGA impedance is 75Ω is: (75*3.3)/(1/(1/4220+1/2100+1/1050+1/523)+75) = 0.6981 V
−
:[http://www.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Cat=65538;keywords=resistor digikey: Resistors]
+
 
 +
== Useful links ==
 +
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor Wikipedia: Resistor]
 +
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferred_number#Capacitors_and_resistors Wikipedia: Preferred number]
 +
:[http://www.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Cat=65538;keywords=resistor Digikey: Resistors]
 +
:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor#Thick_and_thin_film Wikipedia: Thin vs Thickfilm resistor]
 +
::In essence Thin = More expensive, but without nasty temperature coefficient.
 +
 
 +
Digikey ordering:<br>
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Value !! Order number (digikey.com)
 +
|-
 +
|  523 || RR12P523DCT-ND
 +
|-
 +
| 1.05K || RG20P1.05KBCT-ND
 +
|-
 +
|  2.1K || RR12P2.1KDCT-ND
 +
|-
 +
| 4.22K || RR12P4.22KBCT-ND
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Value-vs-Amplitude Originaly ==
 +
[[Image:Minimig_v1.0_video_dac_resistor_ladder_simulation_original.png|thumb| right |250px|Value vs output amplitude originaly]]<br>
 +
The original 4000Ω 2000Ω 1000Ω 560Ω resistors, Gives this curve for the desired vs actual amplitude:<br>
 +
Note the dent in the middle of the curve!<br>
 +
<!-- awk '{print "|-\n| "$1" || "$2}' da_org.txt -->
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Value !! Amplitude [V]
 +
|-
 +
| 0 || 0.000002
 +
|-
 +
| 1 || 0.060736
 +
|-
 +
| 2 || 0.119277
 +
|-
 +
| 3 || 0.175740
 +
|-
 +
| 4 || 0.230233
 +
|-
 +
| 5 || 0.282857
 +
|-
 +
| 6 || 0.333708
 +
|-
 +
| 7 || 0.382873
 +
|-
 +
| 8 || 0.389764
 +
|-
 +
| 9 || 0.437103
 +
|-
 +
| 10 || 0.482927
 +
|-
 +
| 11 || 0.527307
 +
|-
 +
| 12 || 0.570310
 +
|-
 +
| 13 || 0.612000
 +
|-
 +
| 14 || 0.652436
 +
|-
 +
| 15 || 0.691673
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Value-vs-Amplitude Modified ==
 +
[[Image:Minimig_v1.0_video_dac_resistor_ladder_simulation_modified.png|thumb| right |250px|Value vs output amplitude modified]]<br>
 +
The modification with 4220Ω 2100Ω 1050Ω 523Ω resistors, Gives this curve for the desired vs actual amplitude:<br>
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Value !! Amplitude [V]
 +
|-
 +
| 0 || 0.000002
 +
|-
 +
| 1 || 0.057625
 +
|-
 +
| 2 || 0.113793
 +
|-
 +
| 3 || 0.167545
 +
|-
 +
| 4 || 0.220000
 +
|-
 +
| 5 || 0.270256
 +
|-
 +
| 6 || 0.319355
 +
|-
 +
| 7 || 0.366446
 +
|-
 +
| 8 || 0.413880
 +
|-
 +
| 9 || 0.458053
 +
|-
 +
| 10 || 0.501297
 +
|-
 +
| 11 || 0.542855
 +
|-
 +
| 12 || 0.583575
 +
|-
 +
| 13 || 0.622742
 +
|-
 +
| 14 || 0.661153
 +
|-
 +
| 15 || 0.698131
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Gnuplot ==
 +
Gnuplot command:
 +
:<pre>gnuplot> plot "dac_sim.txt"  using ($1):($2) smooth csplines</pre>
 +
 
 +
== Simulation script ==
 +
<br>
 +
Simulation program (perl):<br>
 +
<pre>
 +
#!/usr/bin/perl
 +
#
 +
# Created:  2007-08-23 05:25.32
 +
# Purpose:  Minimig Video D/A resistor ladder simulation
 +
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
$map[$n++]=0;
 +
$map[$n++]=8;
 +
$map[$n++]=4;
 +
$map[$n++]=12;
 +
$map[$n++]=2;
 +
$map[$n++]=10;
 +
$map[$n++]=6;
 +
$map[$n++]=14;
 +
$map[$n++]=1;
 +
$map[$n++]=9;
 +
$map[$n++]=5;
 +
$map[$n++]=13;
 +
$map[$n++]=3;
 +
$map[$n++]=11;
 +
$map[$n++]=7;
 +
$map[$n++]=15;
 +
 
 +
for($v=0; $v<=15; $v++) {
 +
  $d=$map[$v];
 +
 
 +
  $d3 = ($d & 8)?1:0;
 +
  $d2 = ($d & 4)?1:0;
 +
  $d1 = ($d & 2)?1:0;
 +
  $d0 = ($d & 1)?1:0;
 +
 
 +
  if(  !($d3==0 && $d2==0 && $d1==0 && $d0==0)  ) {
 +
    $r_dac=1/(
 +
#      ${d3}/4000+ ${d2}/2000+ ${d1}/1000+ ${d0}/560
 +
      ${d3}/4220+ ${d2}/2100+ ${d1}/1050+ ${d0}/523
 +
      );
 +
    } else { $r_dac=100*1000*1000; }
 +
 
 +
  $u = (75*3.3)/($r_dac+75);
 +
 
 +
  printf("%d %f\n",$v,$u);
 +
  }
 +
 
 +
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
</pre>

Latest revision as of 18:50, 28 August 2007

Electrical model

D/A resistor ladder electrical model


Equations

Defining constants:
U_vga = 0.7 V
R_vga = 75 Ω
U_vcc = 3.3 V
Total resistance = 1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75 = 357.8282.. Ω
Common current through resistor ladder plus vga impedance (75Ω) = 3.3V / 357.8282.. = 0.009222 A
Current * VGA impedance = 0.6917 V (specification says max 0.7V p-p)
Output voltage = 75 * (3.3/(1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75)) = 0.6917 V
Simplification:
U = (75*3.3)/(1/(1/4000+1/2000+1/1000+1/560)+75) = 0.6917V
Base resistor value = (1/8+1/4+1/2+1/1)/(1/((R_vga*U_vcc)/U_vga-R_vga)) = 522.3214Ω
Deviation summary:
0523/523 = 1.0000
1050/523 = 2.0076
2100/523 = 4.0153
4220/523 = 8.0688
As can be seen no more than 1% is useful with digikey resistors. Resistor combinations will add tolerances and use valuable pcb space.
Maximum output voltage if VGA impedance is 75Ω is: (75*3.3)/(1/(1/4220+1/2100+1/1050+1/523)+75) = 0.6981 V

Useful links

Wikipedia: Resistor
Wikipedia: Preferred number
Digikey: Resistors
Wikipedia: Thin vs Thickfilm resistor
In essence Thin = More expensive, but without nasty temperature coefficient.

Digikey ordering:

Value Order number (digikey.com)
523 RR12P523DCT-ND
1.05K RG20P1.05KBCT-ND
2.1K RR12P2.1KDCT-ND
4.22K RR12P4.22KBCT-ND

Value-vs-Amplitude Originaly

Value vs output amplitude originaly


The original 4000Ω 2000Ω 1000Ω 560Ω resistors, Gives this curve for the desired vs actual amplitude:
Note the dent in the middle of the curve!

Value Amplitude [V]
0 0.000002
1 0.060736
2 0.119277
3 0.175740
4 0.230233
5 0.282857
6 0.333708
7 0.382873
8 0.389764
9 0.437103
10 0.482927
11 0.527307
12 0.570310
13 0.612000
14 0.652436
15 0.691673

Value-vs-Amplitude Modified

Value vs output amplitude modified


The modification with 4220Ω 2100Ω 1050Ω 523Ω resistors, Gives this curve for the desired vs actual amplitude:

Value Amplitude [V]
0 0.000002
1 0.057625
2 0.113793
3 0.167545
4 0.220000
5 0.270256
6 0.319355
7 0.366446
8 0.413880
9 0.458053
10 0.501297
11 0.542855
12 0.583575
13 0.622742
14 0.661153
15 0.698131

Gnuplot

Gnuplot command: 

gnuplot> plot "dac_sim.txt"  using ($1):($2) smooth csplines

Simulation script


Simulation program (perl):

#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# Created:  2007-08-23 05:25.32
# Purpose:  Minimig Video D/A resistor ladder simulation
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
$map[$n++]=0;
$map[$n++]=8;
$map[$n++]=4;
$map[$n++]=12;
$map[$n++]=2;
$map[$n++]=10;
$map[$n++]=6;
$map[$n++]=14;
$map[$n++]=1;
$map[$n++]=9;
$map[$n++]=5;
$map[$n++]=13;
$map[$n++]=3;
$map[$n++]=11;
$map[$n++]=7;
$map[$n++]=15;

for($v=0; $v<=15; $v++) {
  $d=$map[$v];

  $d3 = ($d & 8)?1:0;
  $d2 = ($d & 4)?1:0;
  $d1 = ($d & 2)?1:0;
  $d0 = ($d & 1)?1:0;

  if(  !($d3==0 && $d2==0 && $d1==0 && $d0==0)   ) {
    $r_dac=1/( 
#      ${d3}/4000+ ${d2}/2000+ ${d1}/1000+ ${d0}/560
      ${d3}/4220+ ${d2}/2100+ ${d1}/1050+ ${d0}/523
      );
    } else { $r_dac=100*1000*1000; }

  $u = (75*3.3)/($r_dac+75);

  printf("%d %f\n",$v,$u);
  }

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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