Difference between revisions of "Op amp"

From OpenCircuits
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(21 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[http://nakedcelebs.thamar.cn/ naked celebs] [http://tictocs.cn/traditional/ traditional fifth anniversary gifts] [http://tictocs.cn/yugiohcards/ yugioh cards] [http://tictocs.cn/buylipitor/ buy lipitor] [http://www.anastassoroc.as.ro/library/gallery-huge/ gallery huge tits] [http://thamar.cn/index8_1000.html homepage] [http://tictocs.cn/woodenbedroom/ wooden bedroom furniture] [http://tictocs.cn/listofcarsfor/ list of cars for sale in las vegas] [http://nortonghost.thamar.cn/ norton ghost] [http://tictocs.cn/areaauthority/ area authority derbyshire health] [http://tictocs.cn/funnyweddingvows/ funny wedding vows] [http://www.theallegedkiss.as.ro/lib/sweet-msn/ sweet msn names] [http://nflgamestickets.thamar.cn/ nfl games tickets] [http://zoloftsideeffects.thamar.cn/ zoloft side effects] [http://tictocs.cn/yahoojobsearch/ yahoo job search] [http://tictocs.cn/freerealringtones/ free real ringtones] [http://cheaprivotril.thamar.cn/ cheap rivotril] [http://parkhomeinsurance.thamar.cn/ park home insurance] [http://revenuecanadatax.thamar.cn/ revenue canada tax deduction tables] [http://tictocs.cn/washingtonmutual/ washington mutual bank cd rate] [http://theworldofpimping.thamar.cn/ the world of pimping] [http://play.thamar.cn/ play] [http://swarovskicrystal.thamar.cn/ swarovski crystal] [http://www.drujian.as.ro/data/naked-youth/ naked youth] [http://newspaperarticle.thamar.cn/ newspaper article on science] [http://ashtrays.thamar.cn/ ashtrays] [http://www.anedeviange.as.ro/styles/ets-site/ ets site web] [http://tictocs.cn/phoneboothmanufacturers/ phone booth manufacturers] [http://tmobile.thamar.cn/ tmobile] [http://tictocs.cn/hump/ hump] [http://ascentcardllcservices.thamar.cn/ ascent card llc services] [http://tictocs.cn/qwerty/ qwerty] [http://tictocs.cn/japaneseanime/ japanese anime video clip] [http://tictocs.cn/annapolishigh/ annapolis high schools] [http://slava-turovsky.idilis.ro/new/amazon-river.html amazon river for kids] [http://tictocs.cn/howdoesdslphone/ how does dsl phone service work] [http://tictocs.cn/marathonequipment/ marathon equipment canada] [http://www.anastassoroc.as.ro/library/tattoo-of/ tattoo of fox image] [http://tictocs.cn/nyslocalretirement/ nys local retirement system] [http://hotelsaruba.thamar.cn/ hotels aruba] [http://www.theallegedkiss.as.ro/lib/female-rectal/ female rectal exam] [http://americancookie.thamar.cn/ american cookie co] [http://tictocs.cn/evilmovieresident/ evil movie resident trailer] [http://tictocs.cn/losangelaspower/ los angelas power] [http://tictocs.cn/phenterminewithout/ phentermine without a prescription in florida] [http://www.theallegedkiss.as.ro/lib/salaried-employee/ salaried employee rights] [http://www.anedeviange.as.ro/styles/in-the/ in the end piano keys] [http://tictocs.cn/withoutever/ without ever knowing] [http://www.theallegedkiss.as.ro/lib/spark-plugs/ spark plugs] [http://tictocs.cn/asecretplacebook/ a secret place book] [http://tictocs.cn/nevergonnaletyou/ never gonna let you go lyric] [http://www.anedeviange.as.ro/styles/decks/ decks] [http://www.drujian.as.ro/data/houghton-real/ houghton real estate] [http://tictocs.cn/thelifeoflangston/ the life of langston hughes] [http://superpocketbike.thamar.cn/ super pocketbike] [http://slava-turovsky.idilis.ro/new/the-penis.html the penis] [http://slava-turovsky.idilis.ro/new/fake-teeth.html fake teeth] [http://savageempiremap.thamar.cn/ savage empire map] [http://tictocs.cn/jenna/ jenna] [http://tictocs.cn/flcl/ flcl] [http://pricelineairline.thamar.cn/ priceline airline ticket] [http://www.anedeviange.as.ro/styles/mature-cumshot/ mature cumshot] [http://usedheavytrucks.thamar.cn/ used heavy trucks canada] [http://tylenebuck.thamar.cn/ tylene buck] [http://tictocs.cn/cinderella/ cinderella] [http://uggboots.thamar.cn/ ugg boots] [http://countrywide.thamar.cn/ country wide] [http://tictocs.cn/nativeamericanreservations/ native american reservations poverty] [http://www.anastassoroc.as.ro/library/cheap-airfare/ cheap airfare] [http://applicationpatent.thamar.cn/ application patent search] [http://tictocs.cn/chinese/ chinese] [http://slava-turovsky.idilis.ro/new/moving-trucks.html moving trucks] [http://tictocs.cn/rapidlyflowing/ rapidly flowing] [http://unsecuredloans.thamar.cn/ unsecured loans] [http://jamesbondgirls.thamar.cn/ james bond girls images] [http://tictocs.cn/portauthoritynew/ port authority new york address] [http://famvir.thamar.cn/ famvir] [http://tictocs.cn/customfurniture/ custom furniture] [http://freefullgame.thamar.cn/ free full game downloads] [http://shewantstomove.thamar.cn/ she wants to move mp3] [http://tictocs.cn/freesolitaire/ free solitaire] [http://tictocs.cn/cumswapping/ cum swapping] [http://lockoflovefoundation.thamar.cn/ lock of love foundation] [http://enterpriserentals.thamar.cn/ enterprise rentals] [http://tictocs.cn/creditcardsforbad/ credit cards for bad credit] [http://www.anastassoroc.as.ro/library/asiants/ asiants] [http://awtexample.thamar.cn/ awt example] [http://tictocs.cn/andrewbirdchicago/ andrew bird chicago] [http://tictocs.cn/empiricalformula/ empirical formula calculations] [http://mobilegames.thamar.cn/ mobile games] [http://eliminatorias.thamar.cn/ eliminatorias para el mundial] [http://slava-turovsky.idilis.ro/new/canadian-prepaid.html canadian prepaid master card] [http://www.anedeviange.as.ro/styles/little-girls/ little girls bathing] [http://tictocs.cn/bohemianrhapsody/ bohemian rhapsody] [http://www.anastassoroc.as.ro/library/fucking-bitches/ fucking bitches] [http://tntaudioreviews.thamar.cn/ tnt audio reviews] [http://tictocs.cn/stocktickermachines/ stock ticker machines] [http://tictocs.cn/inspectionmaintenance/ inspection maintenance vehicle] [http://www.anastassoroc.as.ro/library/goldeneye/ goldeneye] [http://tictocs.cn/shewantstomove/ she wants to move mp3] [http://rhysvineyards.com/backup/wines/1/cache/flrwvv.html penis pills] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/ltlpmh.html disney princess] [http://windriders.org/images/MAW06/MAW/cache/woxfnb.html display boxes] [http://preciousmetalinvestment.com/gems/data/xfactor/rnxjph.html ford mustang part] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/ikfsxa.html buy fioricet online] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/rpkvpj.html sex dating] [http://preciousmetalinvestment.com/gems/data/xfactor/fvnvem.html zyrtec and canada] [http://windriders.org/images/MAW06/MAW/cache/hmlwlg.html wow gold cheap] [http://rhysvineyards.com/backup/wines/1/cache/cnvxrv.html slip cover] [http://thechowchowrevealed.com/careforchows/wp-content/themes/default/cache/nwvcwc.html mazda 3] [http://villa-les-roches.com/english/dining_files/tmp/cache/crmgxb.html movies to download] [http://conceptualpolymer.com/photogallery/photo7930/tmp/1/sqglfm.html american airline ticket] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/tmfval.html above ground solar pool cover] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/gixjeu.html child] [http://villa-les-roches.com/english/dining_files/tmp/cache/ncmkpr.html above ground swimming pool] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/itrrll.html continental airlines reservations] [http://catloversportal.com/wp-content/themes/default/img/bgekqt.html bunk bed] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/bapsob.html jeep liberty] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/aswcop.html online dating sites] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/uqeogf.html dinnerware] [http://catloversportal.com/wp-content/themes/default/img/xmjwdj.html gem stones] [http://rhysvineyards.com/backup/wines/1/cache/egfruu.html fax form] [http://conceptualpolymer.com/photogallery/photo7930/tmp/1/esblwe.html electronics stores] [http://rhysvineyards.com/backup/wines/1/cache/qbquok.html wholesale clothing] [http://thechowchowrevealed.com/careforchows/wp-content/themes/default/cache/sstfqu.html proactiv] [http://windriders.org/images/MAW06/MAW/cache/pfvgsc.html antique pocket watch] [http://catloversportal.com/wp-content/themes/default/img/uiotrq.html samsung ring tones] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/qhjsgb.html anxiety symptoms] [http://preciousmetalinvestment.com/gems/data/xfactor/vftlib.html printer] [http://catloversportal.com/wp-content/themes/default/img/wsseaa.html citizenship] [http://californiacd.net/phpbb/images/smiles/icon/xcqvll.html shemale porn] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/dfmukx.html camera tripod] [http://thechowchowrevealed.com/careforchows/wp-content/themes/default/cache/mvpcok.html stanford university] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/wxgbwk.html cheap international flights] [http://windriders.org/images/MAW06/MAW/cache/mlbobo.html japanese garden lantern] [http://associatedarts.org/images/misc/pic/avatars/psqucb.html native american] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/cxptht.html artificial wedding flowers] [http://preciousmetalinvestment.com/gems/data/xfactor/bpxtua.html novelties] [http://conceptualpolymer.com/photogallery/photo7930/tmp/1/recumn.html matrices] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/ahmlbr.html red hot chili pepper] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/hdxpsr.html adult personal classifieds] [http://chess-tutor.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image/bqbhge.html camaro parts] [http://chess-tutor.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image/rgobld.html display boxes] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/fpsoxu.html native american] [http://theviolinreviews.com/yg/CSS/data/guitar/hhctta.html liver function] [http://preciousmetalinvestment.com/gems/data/xfactor/cndbps.html authentic designer handbags] [http://theviolinreviews.com/yg/CSS/data/guitar/gdvokj.html mini motorcycles] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/snhqfv.html unsecured loans] [http://conceptualpolymer.com/photogallery/photo7930/tmp/1/jxevsr.html southern california] [http://villa-les-roches.com/english/dining_files/tmp/cache/odcixs.html coreg] [http://catloversportal.com/wp-content/themes/default/img/cgipxp.html sell junk car] [http://thepackagingsite.com/blog/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/bnhemq.html free video chat] [http://apaudit.net/wp-content/themes/default/img/qpgvoq.html casio] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/cvxedl.html wynn hotel las vegas] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/hfabtg.html hayabusa suzuki] [http://theviolinreviews.com/yg/CSS/data/guitar/mivkne.html bathroom bowl sink] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/osbtvr.html play black jack online] [http://chess-tutor.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image/rkqaej.html banking] [http://californiacd.net/phpbb/images/smiles/icon/jtjpcn.html six flags discount] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/eugdvr.html jungle decorations] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/euswkw.html giorgio armani] [http://villa-les-roches.com/english/dining_files/tmp/cache/wltutd.html modern furniture] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/mgcudl.html ab lounge] [http://theviolinreviews.com/yg/CSS/data/guitar/miuauc.html online soma] [http://thepackagingsite.com/blog/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/suxslk.html last minute air ticket] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/mmhkvk.html pool heaters] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/plbmlx.html free music real ringtones sprint] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/xxaaab.html xxx movie] [http://apaudit.net/wp-content/themes/default/img/gtrsvw.html baby bedding] [http://theviolinreviews.com/yg/CSS/data/guitar/iqrckk.html best airline fare] [http://webfoxmedia.com/blog/wp-content/themes/default/tmp/pnfabo.html downloadable ringtones] [http://rhysvineyards.com/backup/wines/1/cache/funenr.html shaw carpets] [http://chess-tutor.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image/qnxtxj.html pond heaters] [http://chess-tutor.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/image/radjlv.html anniversary gift ideas] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/mjgmbe.html belly dance clothes] [http://catloversportal.com/wp-content/themes/default/img/hvsdbu.html breast enhancement] [http://associatedarts.org/images/misc/pic/avatars/mhfqdk.html nokia 7610] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/qfskin.html table centerpieces] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/dqcaug.html last minute travel deal] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/lqiwbr.html live xxx web cam] [http://thechowchowrevealed.com/careforchows/wp-content/themes/default/cache/golmfe.html mp3 ringtones] [http://preciousmetalinvestment.com/gems/data/xfactor/ashfuv.html friends of pets] [http://webfoxmedia.com/blog/wp-content/themes/default/tmp/vhchrp.html outdoor oven] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/pxknvm.html retro jordan] [http://rhysvineyards.com/backup/wines/1/cache/uqtjmo.html first fidelity mortgage] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/bivjni.html iron maiden] [http://thechowchowrevealed.com/careforchows/wp-content/themes/default/cache/nnmvpd.html term paper] [http://articlecash.net/content/wp-content/themes/default/cache/rewnle.html pantie] [http://associatedarts.org/images/misc/pic/avatars/hovtwi.html american airline fare] [http://bowling900.com/wp-content/themes/classic/cache/esxkic.html portable generators] [http://associatedarts.org/images/misc/pic/avatars/pmlxho.html adobe acrobat] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/urirwr.html consumer credit counseling] [http://californiacd.net/phpbb/images/smiles/icon/dwfics.html pelikan pen] [http://bqwm.com/studentloans/wp-content/themes/default/cache/vxpegj.html 7 jeans] [http://webfoxmedia.com/blog/wp-content/themes/default/tmp/lsxsbb.html buy cialis] [http://cutbeach.com/images/moved/1/cache/mqugwt.html find cell phone number] [http://californiacd.net/phpbb/images/smiles/icon/gsedku.html pea coat] [http://wordofgodonline.com/wp-content/themes/default/cache/emgddq.html edi] [http://californiacd.net/phpbb/images/smiles/icon/iovnda.html banking] [http://villa-les-roches.com/english/dining_files/tmp/cache/ipnuqm.html mercedes benz] An op amp ("operational amplifier") is ...
+
An op amp ("operational amplifier") is a very high gain voltage amplifier ( the normal type ) usually with differential input, and response from DC to 1 Meg Hz or more. Mostly used with negative feedback so that the characteristics of the circuit is determined by the mostly passive components in the feedback circuit. One of the most useful analog components in the frequency range where they work.
  
 
Great for amplifying weak signals from sensors to a more useful level. Also used in filters, integrators, etc.
 
Great for amplifying weak signals from sensors to a more useful level. Also used in filters, integrators, etc.
  
== quick summary ==
+
== Quick Summary ==
  
 
* Many sensors need an amplifier to "buffer" their output signal. Often a single op amp is adequate. For very weak signals, you may want a "difference amplifier" or "instrumentation amplifier".
 
* Many sensors need an amplifier to "buffer" their output signal. Often a single op amp is adequate. For very weak signals, you may want a "difference amplifier" or "instrumentation amplifier".
Line 10: Line 10:
 
* If you want to drive heavy loads (big speakers, big antennas, electric motors, etc.), too heavy for typical op amps to drive, use op amps to amplify the signal to the desired voltage, followed by power transistors to drive the load [Veselinovic].
 
* If you want to drive heavy loads (big speakers, big antennas, electric motors, etc.), too heavy for typical op amps to drive, use op amps to amplify the signal to the desired voltage, followed by power transistors to drive the load [Veselinovic].
  
== details ==
+
== Details ==
  
 
[[Suppliers]] such as Jameco, Digikey, and Newark each have pages and pages of fine print listing hundreds of op-amps, from "low-cost" quad op amps for under $0.40 each to "hi speed precision" op amps for well over $10 each.
 
[[Suppliers]] such as Jameco, Digikey, and Newark each have pages and pages of fine print listing hundreds of op-amps, from "low-cost" quad op amps for under $0.40 each to "hi speed precision" op amps for well over $10 each.
Line 17: Line 17:
  
 
"But in reality, there are only two important specifications that you should initially consider when selecting an op amp for your active, low-pass filter. ... Gain Bandwidth Product and Slew Rate." [Baker 2003]
 
"But in reality, there are only two important specifications that you should initially consider when selecting an op amp for your active, low-pass filter. ... Gain Bandwidth Product and Slew Rate." [Baker 2003]
 +
 +
=== Some General Links ===
 +
 +
* [http://web.mit.edu/klund/www/books/op2e.html  Operational Amplifiers: Theory and Practice, Second Edition]  -- Good free text book on op amps from mit
 +
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier Operational amplifier From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ( inc. Schematic and Picture )]
 +
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_amplifier_applications  Operational amplifier applications From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia}
 +
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/opampcon.html#c1 Operational amplifier]
 +
* [[LT1168|LT1168 Programmable-Gain Precision Instrumentation Amplifier]]  - Low Power, Single Resistor Gain Programmable, Precision Instrumentation Amplifier
 +
* [[LT1114|LT1114 Low Power Precision OP-Amps]] are used for amplification and filtering of the signal - Dual/Quad Low Power Precision, Picoamp Input Op Amps
 +
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Electronics/Op-Amps Wikibooks:Op-Amps] has a "quick design process" using Daisy's theorem: ''"The sum of the gains = +1 in a properly-designed op amp circuit."''
 +
* [http://ciphersbyritter.com/RADELECT/PREOPAMP/OPAMPDSN.HTM "Some Op Amp Audio Design Issues"] by Terry Ritter
 +
* [http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slod006b/slod006b.pdf "Op Amps for Everyone" ] Great free book that describes a large number of Op-Amp circuits including single rail variation.  A pay version is available at Amazon.  I don't know what the differences are between the two versions.
  
 
=== designing the circuit around the op amp ===
 
=== designing the circuit around the op amp ===
Line 23: Line 35:
  
 
* [http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/738 "APPLICATION NOTE 738: Minimizing Component-Variation Sensitivity in Single Op Amp Filters"]
 
* [http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/738 "APPLICATION NOTE 738: Minimizing Component-Variation Sensitivity in Single Op Amp Filters"]
 +
 +
=== CookBook of Circuits ( links ) ===
 +
 +
[[OpAmp Links]]
  
 
=== selecting the appropriate op amp out of the hundreds (thousands?) available ===
 
=== selecting the appropriate op amp out of the hundreds (thousands?) available ===
Line 31: Line 47:
  
 
* [http://www.epanorama.net/links/components.html  Basic electronics components list] lists 10 of the most common op-amps.
 
* [http://www.epanorama.net/links/components.html  Basic electronics components list] lists 10 of the most common op-amps.
 
* [http://zero-distortion.com/tests/tweaking.htm "Tweaking" by Dejan V. Veselinovic]
 
  
 
* [http://www.embedded.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=175400254 "How to choose the right bipolar op amp"] by J. Scott Elder 2005-12-23
 
* [http://www.embedded.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=175400254 "How to choose the right bipolar op amp"] by J. Scott Elder 2005-12-23

Latest revision as of 07:01, 22 December 2011

An op amp ("operational amplifier") is a very high gain voltage amplifier ( the normal type ) usually with differential input, and response from DC to 1 Meg Hz or more. Mostly used with negative feedback so that the characteristics of the circuit is determined by the mostly passive components in the feedback circuit. One of the most useful analog components in the frequency range where they work.

Great for amplifying weak signals from sensors to a more useful level. Also used in filters, integrators, etc.

Quick Summary[edit]

  • Many sensors need an amplifier to "buffer" their output signal. Often a single op amp is adequate. For very weak signals, you may want a "difference amplifier" or "instrumentation amplifier".
  • All ADCs need an anti-aliasing filter on their input. Often a single op amp, 2 caps and 4 resistors is adequate.
  • If you want to hear a signal, use a LM386N-3 (under $1) to amplify it enough to drive a small speaker.
  • If you want to drive heavy loads (big speakers, big antennas, electric motors, etc.), too heavy for typical op amps to drive, use op amps to amplify the signal to the desired voltage, followed by power transistors to drive the load [Veselinovic].

Details[edit]

Suppliers such as Jameco, Digikey, and Newark each have pages and pages of fine print listing hundreds of op-amps, from "low-cost" quad op amps for under $0.40 each to "hi speed precision" op amps for well over $10 each. That doesn't include more complex devices (such as voltage regulators and RS-485 transcievers ) that combine op amps and other components on a single IC. Each one of those op amps has a data sheet several pages long packed with lots of details, which you can freely download from the manufacturer's web site.

"But in reality, there are only two important specifications that you should initially consider when selecting an op amp for your active, low-pass filter. ... Gain Bandwidth Product and Slew Rate." [Baker 2003]

Some General Links[edit]

designing the circuit around the op amp[edit]

CookBook of Circuits ( links )[edit]

OpAmp Links

selecting the appropriate op amp out of the hundreds (thousands?) available[edit]