OpenCircuits - User contributions [en]

24" Wall Clock

2007-08-18T06:21:35Z

70.169.133.119:

[http://helmed.info/topic/radeon/ radeon 9100] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/foto-donne.htm foto donne comuni nude] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/dvd-marrakech/ dvd marrakech express] [http://kinunia.cn/corrieri-espressi.htm corrieri espressi internazionali] [http://chaba.info/micra-km/ micra km 0 diesel] [http://kinunia.cn/tito-schipa.htm tito schipa] [http://chaba.info/anyware-srl/ anyware srl] [http://kinunia.cn/residence-majestic.htm residence majestic] [http://davte.info/library/html/fotografie-baglioni.htm fotografie baglioni] [http://saibso.org/mercury-the.htm mercury the video collection] [http://helmed.info/topic/igrice/ igrice] [http://kinunia.cn/radio-kiss.htm radio kiss kiss] [http://davte.info/library/html/nb-cdc.htm nb cdc] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/disagi-di/ disagi di un adolescente omosessuale] [http://chaba.info/assessori-regionali/ assessori regionali politiche sociali] [http://nobinters.org/la-casa.htm la casa della morte] [http://ustall.org/web/virgilo.htm virgilo] [http://saibso.org/nomadi-kar.htm nomadi kar] [http://kinunia.cn/zen-.htm zen 1 gb] [http://davte.info/library/html/annuncio-immobile.htm annuncio immobile privato] [http://saibso.org/le-relazioni.htm le relazioni pericolose] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/e-c.htm e c w] [http://helmed.info/topic/kia-cerato/ kia cerato] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/download-software/ download software free] [http://kinunia.cn/misteriosa.htm misteriosa] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/la-storia.htm la storia di ian curtis e dei joy] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/samsung-lcd.htm samsung lcd tv 19] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/albergo-/ albergo 4 stelle parigi] [http://ustall.org/web/mercedes-c.htm mercedes c 230 kompr] [http://saibso.org/riassunto-gli.htm riassunto gli orfani] [http://nobinters.org/agriservice.htm agriservice] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/psp-sony/ psp sony value pack] [http://chaba.info/best-western/ best western opera richepanse] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/dance-awrd/ dance awrd] [http://saibso.org/notebook-benq.htm notebook benq a32] [http://ustall.org/web/midi-alexia.htm midi alexia] [http://davte.info/library/html/radeon-xxl.htm radeon x800xl 256 mb agp] [http://ustall.org/web/agp-slot.htm agp slot] [http://ustall.org/web/router-wpn.htm router wpn824] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/adobe-premiere.htm adobe premiere pro 1 5] [http://chaba.info/cinema-monza/ cinema monza] [http://ustall.org/web/remix-midi.htm remix midi] [http://kinunia.cn/telecamera-infrarossi.htm telecamera infrarossi] [http://kinunia.cn/pellets.htm pellets] [http://chaba.info/week-end/ week end romantici] [http://helmed.info/topic/agriturismo-san/ agriturismo san michele vacanza] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/hergen/ hergen] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/warhammer/ warhammer] [http://kinunia.cn/chacalon-yunior.htm chacalon yunior] [http://ustall.org/web/darbuka.htm darbuka] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/oo/ oo7] [http://ustall.org/web/decapitazione-ostaggio.htm decapitazione ostaggio cinese] [http://chaba.info/rex-lavabiancheria/ rex lavabiancheria] [http://saibso.org/incasso-.htm incasso 30 cm piani cottura] [http://nobinters.org/d-ozone.htm d ozone] [http://ustall.org/web/chat-con.htm chat con singola sicilia] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/il-sapore/ il sapore della paura] [http://davte.info/library/html/illegale.htm illegale] [http://chaba.info/monitor-samsung/ monitor samsung syncmaster 193p] [http://davte.info/library/html/trading-on.htm trading on line italia] [http://helmed.info/topic/nonno-bionico/ nonno bionico] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/festa-da/ festa da brivido per halloween] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/la-spia/ la spia dal dente doro] [http://chaba.info/annuncio-annuncio/ annuncio annuncio personali] [http://helmed.info/topic/sottomarina-di/ sottomarina di chioggia] [http://nobinters.org/barotex.htm barotex] [http://nobinters.org/stefan-de.htm stefan de la barbulesti] [http://nobinters.org/niurka-y.htm niurka y boby] [http://ustall.org/web/suzana-mancic.htm suzana mancic] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/il-parcheggio/ il parcheggio burger] [http://ustall.org/web/framcesco-renga.htm framcesco renga] [http://chaba.info/asian-beauties/ asian beauties 2 screensaver] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/cellulare-navigatore/ cellulare navigatore] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/senza-sacco/ senza sacco] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/ipaq-hp/ ipaq hp 1930] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/schede-video/ schede video galaxy] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/lbero/ lbero] [http://saibso.org/clasico.htm clasico] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/philips-dect/ philips dect] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/fiore-domicilio/ fiore domicilio consegna fiore] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/banfi-chianti/ banfi chianti 2001] [http://helmed.info/topic/videos-clips/ videos clips de savage garden] [http://davte.info/library/html/dlgs.htm dlgs 196 2003] [http://davte.info/library/html/lo-stile.htm lo stile del dragone] [http://kinunia.cn/cemento-di.htm cemento di calce] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/jvc-plasma/ jvc plasma 42] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/suonerie-siemens/ suonerie siemens c62] [http://kinunia.cn/prove-d.htm prove d esame] [http://ustall.org/web/il-quarto.htm il quarto desiderio] [http://davte.info/library/html/laetitia-amore.htm laetitia amore] [http://davte.info/library/html/apocalisse.htm apocalisse 23] [http://saibso.org/effetto-serra.htm effetto serra anormale] [http://helmed.info/topic/sexwiew-tv/ sexwiew tv] [http://nobinters.org/china-sex.htm china sex] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/pussy-teen.htm pussy teen] [http://ustall.org/web/gli-orsi.htm gli orsi vanno in giappone] [http://chaba.info/love-object/ love object] [http://nobinters.org/bambini-vacanza.htm bambini vacanza] [http://davte.info/library/html/cristian-meier.htm cristian meier] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/manutenzioni-tecnologiche.htm manutenzioni tecnologiche industriali] [http://saibso.org/uruguay-fiume.htm uruguay (fiume)] [http://kinunia.cn/mp-cruzer.htm mp3 cruzer] [http://ustall.org/web/samsung-sr.htm samsung sr l 679 evs] [http://chaba.info/cultura-profetica/ cultura profetica] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/sei-tu.htm sei tu] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/l-acer/ l200 acer] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/way/ way] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/plaques/ plaques] [http://ustall.org/web/lg-lcd.htm lg lcd 19 flatron] [http://kinunia.cn/o-r.htm o r o vivo per lei] [http://saibso.org/hassin.htm hassin] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/viola-del/ viola del pensiero] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/hp-laserjet/ hp laserjet hp stampanti] [http://kinunia.cn/don-giovanni.htm don giovanni di mozart] [http://kinunia.cn/barlow-jane.htm barlow, jane] [http://saibso.org/multichannel.htm multichannel] [http://davte.info/library/html/rav-d.htm rav4 d] [http://ustall.org/web/seno.htm seno 7] [http://chaba.info/gioco-mac/ gioco mac sport] [http://chaba.info/leonardodavinci/ leonardodavinci] [http://ustall.org/web/esame-di.htm esame di qualifica] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/fica-di/ fica di bellucci] [http://ustall.org/web/s-s.htm s s i] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/drive-flash/ drive flash] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/grouch/ grouch] [http://ustall.org/web/alloggio-bologna.htm alloggio bologna] [http://kinunia.cn/giochi-motorola.htm giochi motorola a 835] [http://saibso.org/casiraghi-andrea.htm casiraghi andrea] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/olympics-pallacanestro/ olympics pallacanestro risultati] [http://chaba.info/minijuegoscom/ minijuegos.com] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/corriera-della/ corriera della sera] [http://saibso.org/mbube.htm mbube] [http://saibso.org/chat-excite.htm chat excite] [http://helmed.info/topic/ha/ ha 2] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/cd-per/ cd per bambini] [http://kinunia.cn/ragazzo-passivo.htm ragazzo passivo] [http://nobinters.org/home-theatre.htm home theatre sony 6 1] [http://helmed.info/topic/valenzano/ valenzano] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/manutenzioni-idrauliche.htm manutenzioni idrauliche] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/karino-crack/ karino crack] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/gripenberg-bertel.htm gripenberg, bertel] [http://ustall.org/web/ixus-new.htm ixus 750-new] [http://chaba.info/mobili-per/ mobili per computer] [http://ustall.org/web/organizzazione-eventi.htm organizzazione eventi] [http://kinunia.cn/volkswagen-bora.htm volkswagen bora] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/louis-vuitton/ louis vuitton reggio emilia] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/monitor-lcd.htm monitor lcd amstrad] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/condizionatori-olimpia/ condizionatori olimpia] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/donne-con/ donne con addominali] [http://ustall.org/web/ferrovia-virtuale.htm ferrovia virtuale] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/imbuti/ imbuti] [http://helmed.info/topic/pliko-peg/ pliko peg perego] [http://saibso.org/bat-man.htm bat man] [http://ustall.org/web/accessori-per.htm accessori per doccia] [http://saibso.org/frigo-da.htm frigo da tavolo classe a] [http://nobinters.org/mittellandkanal.htm mittellandkanal] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/volvo-.htm volvo c70 2.4 t] [http://nobinters.org/navigatori-satellitari.htm navigatori satellitari per auto] [http://nobinters.org/phanton-placed.htm phanton placed] [http://helmed.info/topic/rz/ rz 42] [http://davte.info/library/html/intimo-uomo.htm intimo uomo cavalli] [http://nobinters.org/incontro-bolzano.htm incontro bolzano] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/www-tempoitalia/ www tempoitalia it] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/san-fabio/ san fabio] [http://ustall.org/web/barbi-jako.htm barbi jako roszpunka] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/beethoven-per/ beethoven per elisa] [http://ustall.org/web/videos-de.htm videos de pesca] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/impastatrice-farina/ impastatrice farina] [http://nobinters.org/seggiolino-auto.htm seggiolino auto jane] [http://davte.info/library/html/de-grenet.htm de grenet topless] [http://kinunia.cn/la-donna.htm la donna ideale] [http://kinunia.cn/creative-muvo.htm creative muvo fm 128 mb] [http://nobinters.org/orologi-zenith.htm orologi zenith] [http://nobinters.org/gabry-ponte.htm gabry ponte figli di pitagora midi] [http://kinunia.cn/residence-albachiara.htm residence albachiara] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/lena-katina/ lena katina] [http://ustall.org/web/catalogo-rolex.htm catalogo rolex] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/goggles/ goggles] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/nikon-afnikkor/ nikon af-nikkor 70-300mm] [http://nobinters.org/canoscan-lide.htm canoscan lide 25] [http://ustall.org/web/monsieur-ibrahim.htm monsieur ibrahim] [http://kinunia.cn/ati-radeon.htm ati radeon 9550 128 mb] [http://kinunia.cn/carta-treviso.htm carta treviso] [http://nobinters.org/hotel-benessere.htm hotel benessere montagna] [http://kinunia.cn/ipn.htm ipn] [http://helmed.info/topic/fokkerdr/ fokkerdr1] [http://chaba.info/video-di/ video di britney] [http://chaba.info/il-mastino/ il mastino dei baskerville] [http://nobinters.org/thermaltake-tower.htm thermaltake tower] [http://nobinters.org/voyeurweb-com.htm voyeurweb com] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/surimana/ surimana] [http://davte.info/library/html/cime.htm cime] [http://davte.info/library/html/pc-amd.htm pc amd 3500] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/plus-valenza.htm plus valenza suoli edificabili] [http://davte.info/library/html/auto-usata.htm auto usata km0] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/lounge-event/ lounge event com] [http://saibso.org/fotos.htm fotos2004] [http://helmed.info/topic/buzios/ buzios] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/lanza-franco/ lanza franco srl] [http://kinunia.cn/programma-per.htm programma per dj] {| align=right
|-
|
[[Image:Sign light Three 400x400.jpg|Light Sticks]]
|}
===Project Scope===
Description: Sometime ago a friend challenged us to build a 6 foot digital clock - just like the alarm clock next to your bed. Well, because of scaling issues, 6 foot was a bit too expensive. Instead, we are going with a 2 foot clock. I'm not entire sure about the end size, but you get the idea. And just to be geeky, let's use GPS to snag the time with 100ns accuracy.

The control system is fairly straight foward. Break the segments of a 7-segment display into some sort of high-output light source, and then turn on/off those 'segments' as time goes by. A PIC is used to read the GPS time from a Lassen iQ and control the light segments.

[[Image:LED7SEGLG 300.jpg|150px]]

Here is an example of the customary 7-segment display. We aren't going to copy this directly, but close.

We need to use something to illuminate each segment of the display. How about a light bar. What's a light bar? Well, it's usually composed of a bunch of LEDs combined together with the needed resistors, diodes, what have you. We could build our own, but I'm lazy and [[http://www.besthongkong.com/ Best Hong Kong]] has something called a ''Sign Light Module'' that looks like it could do the job really well, for only $2.39 a piece! That's cheaper than I can put a stick together, so I put 50pcs on order. We'll see how they look when they come in.

Here's the plan:

18:88 will be displayed worst case.
*Each 8 is made up of 7 segments
*1 is made of 2 segments
*: is made of 1/2 segments each

To make the clock slightly larger, we are going to use two light 'sticks' for each segment. Each stick looks like it's about 6" long, which will make a segment aprox. 12", which whill make the number height ~24" overall. Each dot in the ':' will be made out of one stick (6" tall). This may look a bit odd, only time will tell.

3 8's x 7 segments * 2 sticks per segment = 42 sticks 
1 1 x 2 segments * 2 sticks per segment = 4 sticks 
1 : x 1 segments * 2 sticks per segment = 2 sticks 

48 sticks needed overall 
Minimum of 23 inidividual control channels needed
----
===Power Regulation===
Quick math : Each stick is 3 LEDs. Each Piranha LED is 20mA according to the website (I don't trust the Hong Kong Website very much, but we'll assume). So each stick is 12V @ 60mA. 50 sticks * 60mA = 3A @ 12V. This is a bit juicy for a wall-wart. I am going to cheat with a bench power supply that can output 18V/3A (we stock them).

3A is really the worst case scenario. We only have 48 sticks (not 50) and 10:08 seems to be the real time with the most number of segments lit (44 sticks turned on). We obviously should never see a time of 18:88. At 10:08 we'll need 44 * 60mA = 2640mA = 2.6A. Not too horrendous.

The control board will need some power as well. 5V for logic, 3.3V for GPS. But the overall consumption will be peanuts compare to the lighting. Probably under 50mA for the control board.

----

===Clock Control===
Who wants to set the real time when we've got GPS to set it for us?! :) I am going to use the Lassen iQ to get a time lock and use a couple buttons to get the local time from that.

We need to control 23 channels 18:88:
*1 has two segments, but the entire number is either on or off
*: is always on, but we may way to flash it for seconds
*888 21 channels

I decided on 25 channels just in case I need some extra [[http://www.bullshitjob.com/officespace/ 'flare']]. Perhaps an alarm of sorts. 'Beer Time' alarm at 4:30pm? We've got to keep our options open...

The need for 25 I/O pushed me towards the PIC 16F877A:
*Easy to program (I've got a big code base)
*Has enough I/O
*It can be bootloaded!
*It's got an RTC (when you add an external 32.768kHz xtal)
*UART to read the incoming GPS NMEA from Lassen iQ

ToDo : It's possible to reduce the number of channels by multiplexing. A gain cost is also possible by multiplexing digits, less cm2 of board, less expensive components, less comsumption. 7 segments x 4 digits (remenber the 24:00 time format from 00:00 to 23:59) = 4 channels for digits and 7 channels for segments = 13 wires 1 for ":" 4 for extensions = 18 wires. Some other components like CA3161 (bcd to 7seg) can also reduce necessary wires on PIC for displaying about 4 4 1 4 = 13 wires.
----

===Light Control===
Well if the PIC 16F877A has got the timing and control down, how exactly do we turn on/off the light stick?

Since the sticks only pull 60mA, we can use cheap BJT transistors. Let's go solid state! Many itty-bitty SOT-23 SMD BJTs can handle up to 1A with a max input of 40V. The maximum power output is 350mW though. Luckily, when forward biased, the MMBT2222 has around 0.5V drop.

So 60mA with 0.5V drop, we are looking at 30mW dissapation. That's atleast in theory. I'll believe it when I see it of course. For the time being, I'm going to assume this will work...

All I need is an NPN BJT for each channel:

[[Image:Clock-Channel.jpg]]

While this should work, it's going to leave a bunch of connections with one pin 'hot'. A better design would probably utilize a PNP connected to RAW. Ehh - no big deal.

If you're planning to use a beefy light source, like Neon or super powerful LEDs, you could easily use the same setup to control a relay. [[Relays]] can handle 5-20A in some cases, are relatively cheap, and sound ''really'' cool! The only problem is they are big. And for this project, we wanted a relatively small control board. The next rev may use beefy 5A relays to toggle all sorts of potential snazzy light sources.
----
===Board Layout===
The PIC is connected to 25 channels, the GPS, a couple buttons, and a status LED. Here's the current layout in all its random glory:

[[Image:Clock-Layout.jpg|500px]]

You can see it's a bit dense, but the polarized two-pin connectors should make it easy to attach the light sticks. Everything was SMD to ease the assembly as much as possible. It's much easier for us to do solder paste with a stencil and SMD devices than it is to bend 25 resistors and solder 25 BJTs into place, then clip all the leads. PTH is actually pretty time consuming. I digress...

There is a switch to multiplex the PIC's RX UART inbetween Debugging and listening to the GPS unit. Be sure to use Port 2 on the Lassen iQ if you want NMEA output (4800bps by default).
----

===Things to Improve===

Nothing at the moment. We have to wait for all the parts to come in. Should be about 4 weeks.

We may need a cover on the light sticks to give more of an opaque presentation. TBD.
----
===Documents===
[[Media:SFE-Wall-Clock.pdf|SFE Wall Clock Main Board Schematic]]

[[Media:SFE-Wall-Clock-Channels.pdf|Channel Control Schematic]]

Footprints: 
[[SFE_Footprint_Library|SFE Footprint Library]]

FP Name: All sorts of FPs used.

Supplier Info: 

Related Items: 

[[Category:Projects]]

Relays

2007-08-17T22:54:42Z

70.169.133.119:

[http://ustall.org/web/astraeus.htm astraeus] [http://nobinters.org/toshiba-a.htm toshiba a80 131] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/www-ls/ www ls university com] [http://saibso.org/mp-usb.htm mp3 usb 1g] [http://chaba.info/ambasciata-polonia/ ambasciata polonia] [http://helmed.info/topic/ucelli-giuliana/ ucelli giuliana] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/inps-pensioni.htm inps pensioni] [http://chaba.info/tutte-le/ tutte le domande di sonic] [http://kinunia.cn/controller-sata.htm controller sata raid] [http://chaba.info/patente-europea/ patente europea del computer] [http://saibso.org/seat-.htm seat toledo 1.6 stella] [http://helmed.info/topic/beavis-and/ beavis and butthead] [http://nobinters.org/il-dopoguerra.htm il dopoguerra e la crisi] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/volano-chat/ volano chat] [http://davte.info/library/html/dw.htm dw] [http://nobinters.org/come-pensi.htm come pensi che io] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/assicurazione-san.htm assicurazione san donato milanese] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/spy-collection/ spy collection] [http://saibso.org/starship-ranger.htm starship ranger] [http://davte.info/library/html/racconto-amatoriale.htm racconto amatoriale] [http://chaba.info/soluzione-seconda/ soluzione seconda prova telecomunicazion] [http://helmed.info/topic/hombres-sexys/ hombres sexys] [http://chaba.info/tutte-le/ tutte le cartine della francia] [http://chaba.info/monica-naranjo/ monica naranjo mp3] [http://davte.info/library/html/www-formen.htm www formen] [http://kinunia.cn/ragazzo-trieste.htm ragazzo trieste] [http://ustall.org/web/download-gioco.htm download gioco pc gratis] [http://nobinters.org/jarrett-whisper.htm jarrett whisper] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/modello-ise.htm modello ise] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/mp-creative.htm mp3 creative zen nano 512] [http://nobinters.org/quinny-freestyle.htm quinny freestyle] [http://ustall.org/web/avp-antivirus.htm avp antivirus] [http://saibso.org/fidelity-bolzano.htm fidelity bolzano] [http://helmed.info/topic/sunlight/ sunlight] [http://davte.info/library/html/roig-montserrat.htm roig, montserrat] [http://ustall.org/web/www-garante.htm www garante it] [http://ustall.org/web/kalima.htm kalima] [http://ustall.org/web/club-azzurro.htm club azzurro] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/bilancia-professionale/ bilancia professionale] [http://saibso.org/data-prova.htm data prova esami gru iv serie speciale] [http://kinunia.cn/faron-adventure.htm faron adventure] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/limana/ limana] [http://kinunia.cn/civitanova-marche.htm civitanova marche ristorante la staffa] [http://kinunia.cn/the-dragon.htm the dragon] [http://nobinters.org/zyxel-omni.htm zyxel omni] [http://saibso.org/hub-.htm hub 10 porte d-link] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/enimem/ enimem] [http://chaba.info/frozen-ball/ frozen ball] [http://helmed.info/topic/versine-del/ versine del leone del lupo e della volpe] [http://kinunia.cn/buscar-el.htm buscar el juego de super mario land] [http://helmed.info/topic/borromeo/ borromeo] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/the-loveless/ the loveless] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/www-aljazeera/ www aljazeera com] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/worms.htm worms 6600] [http://saibso.org/yellowout.htm yellowout] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/flex-online/ flex online com] [http://nobinters.org/avventure-di.htm avventure di un fotografo] [http://saibso.org/estudiantes-sexis.htm estudiantes sexis] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/dzaoudzi/ dzaoudzi] [http://nobinters.org/vendita-memorie.htm vendita memorie ram] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/icn-navman/ icn navman 650] [http://kinunia.cn/palmare-telefono.htm palmare telefono windows] [http://kinunia.cn/largo-di.htm largo di mendelssohn] [http://helmed.info/topic/colonna-sonora/ colonna sonora padrino] [http://kinunia.cn/il-banco.htm il banco dei gelati] [http://helmed.info/topic/www-hardcore/ www hardcore] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/vitara-diesel/ vitara diesel] [http://nobinters.org/adattatore-auto.htm adattatore auto usb accessori palmari] [http://chaba.info/dvd-lettore/ dvd lettore usb] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/lungo-il/ lungo il fiume] [http://davte.info/library/html/sex-sex.htm sex sex] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/liu.htm liu] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/lu-mercatu/ lu mercatu] [http://kinunia.cn/funkee-green.htm funkee green dogs] [http://chaba.info/vendita-armadi/ vendita armadi] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/ventole-raffreddamento.htm ventole raffreddamento 120] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/calendario-porcone/ calendario porcone di questo anno] [http://kinunia.cn/jeans-dolce.htm jeans dolce gabbana donna abbigliamento] [http://ustall.org/web/vigano-san.htm vigano san martino] [http://nobinters.org/www-wear.htm www wear com] [http://saibso.org/x-files.htm x files stagione] [http://helmed.info/topic/lcd-wireless/ lcd wireless] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/lavatrice-atlantic.htm lavatrice atlantic] [http://nobinters.org/khriz-y.htm khriz y angel] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/benne/ benne] [http://kinunia.cn/norah-jones.htm norah jones midi] [http://helmed.info/topic/blue-chi/ blue chi mi dice midi] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/seximages/ seximages] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/microonde-con.htm microonde con forno a incasso] [http://davte.info/library/html/cde-r.htm cde 9843r] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/oakley-dartboard/ oakley dartboard] [http://davte.info/library/html/guitar-software.htm guitar software] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/uscita-usb/ uscita usb] [http://helmed.info/topic/eligeme-de/ eligeme de luis fonsi] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/ddd-compilation.htm ddd compilation 2004] [http://helmed.info/topic/jetflash/ jetflash 128] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/crash-tea/ crash tea] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/jack-/ jack 0 5mt] [http://kinunia.cn/plasmon-it.htm plasmon it] [http://saibso.org/stampante-hp.htm stampante hp 1300] [http://ustall.org/web/pelosissima.htm pelosissima] [http://chaba.info/camping-toscana/ camping toscana] [http://nobinters.org/lamoureux-charles.htm lamoureux, charles] [http://davte.info/library/html/sesso-tra.htm sesso tra vecchi] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/abbigliamento-fitness/ abbigliamento fitness] [http://chaba.info/photosmart-r/ photosmart r707] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/rex-fi/ rex fi] [http://saibso.org/www-com.htm www com latinchat] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/hp-scanjet/ hp scanjet 3800] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/nero/ nero.2] [http://helmed.info/topic/xd-picture/ xd picture card 512 mb] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/fata-maria.htm fata maria] [http://ustall.org/web/o-c.htm o c orange countri] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/o-gorizia/ o gorizia tu sei maledetta] [http://saibso.org/kodak-easyshare.htm kodak easyshare p880] [http://nobinters.org/gioco-piscina.htm gioco piscina] [http://davte.info/library/html/negras-gostosas.htm negras gostosas] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/www-videopornogratis/ www videopornogratis it] [http://chaba.info/mini-hifi/ mini hi-fi rds] [http://nobinters.org/roulette-strategy.htm roulette strategy] [http://nobinters.org/gli-appuntamenti.htm gli appuntamenti nintendo per il nuovo anno] [http://ustall.org/web/red-ligth.htm red ligth] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/il-duomo/ il duomo assicurazioni] [http://saibso.org/nono-d.htm nono d angelo] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/je-t/ je t aime ma non plus] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/la-luna/ la luna splende] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/ricetrasmettitore-cb/ ricetrasmettitore cb] [http://nobinters.org/dhl-taranto.htm dhl taranto] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/campione-festival/ campione festival sanremo 2006] [http://helmed.info/topic/tucano-neonato/ tucano neonato] [http://saibso.org/aggiornamento-fotografico.htm aggiornamento fotografico per wish] [http://saibso.org/morris.htm morris] [http://nobinters.org/system.htm system] [http://chaba.info/usb/ usb 10 100] [http://saibso.org/bmw-.htm bmw 320 touring 2000] [http://ustall.org/web/bracciale-topazio.htm bracciale topazio argento] [http://kinunia.cn/struktura-polskich.htm struktura polskich banko] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/crazy-in/ crazy in love] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/prodotti-per/ prodotti per depilazione] [http://chaba.info/principe-delle/ principe delle maree] [http://ustall.org/web/tenda-finestra.htm tenda finestra] [http://davte.info/library/html/volkswagen-golf.htm volkswagen golf 2.8] [http://helmed.info/topic/golden-baby/ golden baby panda miele] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/accessori-per/ accessori per nikon d100] [http://saibso.org/dolci-italiani.htm dolci italiani] [http://ustall.org/web/pakistan-international.htm pakistan international airlines] [http://davte.info/library/html/kosova.htm kosova] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/one-shot/ one shot vol 1] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/cisal-confederazione/ cisal confederazione] [http://nobinters.org/rubinetti.htm rubinetti] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/i-don/ i don t wanna kow] [http://chaba.info/kit-pulizia/ kit pulizia strumenti musicali] [http://kinunia.cn/villarbasse.htm villarbasse] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/giochi-del/ giochi del 3000] [http://kinunia.cn/coppie-over.htm coppie over 50 grasse] [http://helmed.info/topic/giancarlo-santi/ giancarlo santi] [http://kinunia.cn/nokia.htm nokia 31] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/zingara.htm zingara] [http://saibso.org/romantici.htm romantici] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/calendari-uomini/ calendari uomini vip] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/vlaska-muzika/ vlaska muzika] [http://helmed.info/topic/it-s/ it s been awile] [http://helmed.info/topic/wisin/ wisin] [http://saibso.org/portierato.htm portierato] [http://saibso.org/testo-un.htm testo un emozione da poco di anna oxa] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/altoparlanti-altec.htm altoparlanti altec lansing] [http://helmed.info/topic/banca-popolare/ banca popolare ancona] [http://kinunia.cn/danza-macabra.htm danza macabra - terrore] [http://ustall.org/web/hard-disk.htm hard disk usb2] [http://davte.info/library/html/fotos-de.htm fotos de gay] [http://helmed.info/topic/los-jedes/ los jedes] [http://kinunia.cn/numero-carta.htm numero carta credito] [http://ustall.org/web/televisori.htm televisori 17] [http://kinunia.cn/mogli-puttane.htm mogli puttane] [http://nobinters.org/konica-minolta.htm konica minolta dimage xg] [http://kinunia.cn/she-will.htm she will be loved testo] [http://chaba.info/ripetitore-segnale/ ripetitore segnale video accessori audio] [http://nobinters.org/www-suzuki.htm www suzuki com] [http://helmed.info/topic/kit-solare/ kit solare] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/sony-vgn.htm sony vgn] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/little-light/ little light of love r x r a] [http://saibso.org/www-lapecoranera.htm www lapecoranera it] [http://helmed.info/topic/abito-armani/ abito armani] [http://chaba.info/alta-moda/ alta moda catania] [http://nobinters.org/monzza.htm monzza] [http://saibso.org/driver-dex.htm driver dex 2500] [http://chaba.info/www-olgc/ www olgc ca] [http://davte.info/library/html/time-after.htm time after time eva cassidy] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/memoria-da/ memoria da 256] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/piede-sul/ piede sul cazzo] [http://kinunia.cn/macchine-digitali.htm macchine digitali 4x] [http://helmed.info/topic/dumb/ dumb] [http://davte.info/library/html/marlon.htm marlon] [http://kinunia.cn/kyd.htm kyd] [http://nobinters.org/www-escord.htm www escord cz] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/serrano/ serrano] [http://chaba.info/cavo-asus/ cavo asus gps] [http://chaba.info/rosana-diaz/ rosana diaz video] [http://helmed.info/topic/fisiologia-apparato/ fisiologia apparato digerente] [http://kinunia.cn/lancia-musa.htm lancia musa diesel platino] [http://chaba.info/princess/ princess 2028] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/cd-r/ cd r w] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/the-littlest/ the littlest hobo] [http://kinunia.cn/io-senza.htm io senza te] [http://kinunia.cn/recorder-dvd.htm recorder dvd home theatre] [http://nobinters.org/recital-forza.htm recital forza venite] [http://nobinters.org/classifica-serie.htm classifica serie c calcio] [http://ustall.org/web/lg-pxrv.htm lg 42px4rv] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/il-canone/ il canone di pachelbel] [http://helmed.info/topic/portatile-amd/ portatile amd] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/office-access.htm office access 2003] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/supporto-lcd/ supporto lcd da parete] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/trasporti-napoli/ trasporti napoli perugia] [http://ustall.org/web/doredo-doremi.htm doredo doremi] [http://kinunia.cn/desideri.htm desideri] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/bordo-gonfiabile.htm bordo gonfiabile] [http://saibso.org/labtec-internet.htm labtec internet keyboard] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/auricolare-treo/ auricolare treo 650] [http://kinunia.cn/aree-sosta.htm aree sosta camper torino] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/usb-flash.htm usb flash disk 512] [http://saibso.org/dronk.htm dronk] [http://davte.info/library/html/quien-descubrio.htm quien descubrio america] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/delonghi-deumidificatore/ delonghi deumidificatore] [http://kinunia.cn/que-lloro.htm que lloro sinbandera] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/tracce-tema/ tracce tema maturita 2004] [http://ustall.org/web/aldo-biscardi.htm aldo biscardi] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/prestito-sesto/ prestito sesto fiorentino] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/mahra/ mahra] [http://davte.info/library/html/dirisio-calma.htm dirisio calma] [http://nobinters.org/sciacalli.htm sciacalli] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/prestito-pienza/ prestito pienza] [http://saibso.org/louvet-de.htm louvet de couvray, jean-baptiste] [http://chaba.info/messico-tour/ messico tour maya] [http://davte.info/library/html/masterizzatori-dvd.htm masterizzatori dvd per nb] [http://kinunia.cn/polysilicon.htm polysilicon] [http://chaba.info/foto-ss/ foto ss lazio] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/vild-danse/ vild danse] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/www-vidios/ www vidios legais com br] [http://kinunia.cn/guide-new.htm guide new york] [http://ustall.org/web/monaldi.htm monaldi] [http://kinunia.cn/fax-internet.htm fax internet] [http://davte.info/library/html/bootz-love.htm bootz love me more] [http://helmed.info/topic/los-goles/ los goles de ronaldo] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/fetish-piedi/ fetish piedi immagini] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/www-crociere/ www crociere m s c] [http://chaba.info/internetgirls-org/ internetgirls org] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/nikon-wce/ nikon wc-e80] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/cavo-s.htm cavo s video tv-out] [http://saibso.org/adattatore-gsm.htm adattatore gsm] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/sony-acvqp.htm sony ac-vqp10] [http://chaba.info/peter-pindar/ peter pindar] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/cock-robin/ cock robin] [http://chaba.info/cardiofrequenzimetro-a/ cardiofrequenzimetro a5 polar] [http://helmed.info/topic/chalet-vacanza/ chalet vacanza] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/il-commissario/ il commissario maigret - il pazzo di bergerac] [http://kinunia.cn/nashville.htm nashville] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/car-audio/ car audio blaupunkt] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/verona/ verona 2000] [http://kinunia.cn/nellt-furtado.htm nellt furtado] [http://davte.info/library/html/flaibano.htm flaibano] [http://saibso.org/giuletta-sacco.htm giuletta sacco] [http://chaba.info/video-hard/ video hard scandalo] [http://chaba.info/hai-voglia/ hai voglia d] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/fisz.htm fisz] [http://nobinters.org/renault-gpl.htm renault gpl] [http://nobinters.org/annuncio-lavoro.htm annuncio lavoro bologna] [http://nobinters.org/i-canon.htm i9950 canon stampanti] [http://kinunia.cn/kasam-ki.htm kasam ki kasam] [http://ustall.org/web/assicurazione-fiumicino.htm assicurazione fiumicino] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/oposiciones-aena/ oposiciones aena] [http://kinunia.cn/decoder-modulatore.htm decoder modulatore] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/corsi-formazione/ corsi formazione personale] [http://kinunia.cn/grand-hotel.htm grand hotel royal viareggio] [http://saibso.org/www-vascorossi.htm www vascorossi com] [http://nobinters.org/gigolo-s.htm gigolo s] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/black-eye/ black eye pease] [http://nobinters.org/un-caldo.htm un caldo corpo di femmina] [http://helmed.info/topic/erice-hotel/ erice hotel] [http://helmed.info/topic/chicco-alaska/ chicco alaska] [http://chaba.info/minclip-com/ minclip com] [http://helmed.info/topic/benny-benassi/ benny benassi no matter what you do free] [http://saibso.org/regione-friuli.htm regione friuli] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/geonav-c.htm geonav 4c nautica] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/azione-obbligazione/ azione obbligazione] [http://chaba.info/bratz-babyz/ bratz babyz] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/fiat-stilo/ fiat stilo selespeed] [http://davte.info/library/html/jerez-de.htm jerez de los caballeros] [http://helmed.info/topic/foto-cbs/ foto cbs principessa diana] [http://nobinters.org/orologi-casio.htm orologi casio illuminator] [http://chaba.info/king-kong/ king kong dvd] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/www-kimco/ www kimco it] [http://chaba.info/gloria-constantino/ gloria constantino foto] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/e-l/ e l era tardi] [http://saibso.org/dvd-moana.htm dvd moana pozzi] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/hit-mania/ hit mania 1995] [http://helmed.info/topic/firstservice-srl/ firstservice srl] [http://nobinters.org/office-microsoft.htm office microsoft] [http://kinunia.cn/renzo-arbore.htm renzo arbore] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/batterie-sony/ batterie sony ericsson] [http://davte.info/library/html/cirano-di.htm cirano di guccini] [http://nobinters.org/cartolina-augurio.htm cartolina augurio compleanno] [http://davte.info/library/html/sentieri-soapopera.htm sentieri soapopera] [http://chaba.info/eric-von/ eric von stroheim] [http://davte.info/library/html/tre-individui.htm tre individui tanto odio] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/macchine-da/ macchine da caffe professionali] [http://chaba.info/dj-casper/ dj casper chachaslide] [http://nobinters.org/toner-xerox.htm toner xerox 2135] [http://davte.info/library/html/la-grigliata.htm la grigliata] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/foto-clitty/ foto clitty] [http://nobinters.org/una-rockstar.htm una rockstar in cerca damore] [http://chaba.info/personaggi-settimo/ personaggi settimo cielo] [http://nobinters.org/mendelson.htm mendelson] [http://nobinters.org/dragostea-fin.htm dragostea fin tei lyrics] [http://saibso.org/nikon-.htm nikon - f 55] [http://davte.info/library/html/testo-lo.htm testo lo strano percorso 883] [http://saibso.org/niurka-fotos.htm niurka fotos] [http://nobinters.org/toner-samsung.htm toner samsung ml-2150] [http://saibso.org/vendita-cam.htm vendita cam] [http://davte.info/library/html/eccitazione-genitale.htm eccitazione genitale] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/magic-combi/ magic combi] [http://nobinters.org/warlords-battlecry.htm warlords battlecry ii] [http://ustall.org/web/napoli-kappa.htm napoli kappa] [http://ustall.org/web/mimosa-festa.htm mimosa festa donna] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/lacie-hard/ lacie hard disk usb] [http://saibso.org/in-tutti.htm in tutti i miei giorni] [http://davte.info/library/html/canzoni-napoletane.htm canzoni napoletane classiche] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/impianti-stereo/ impianti stereo] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/the-simps/ the simps university] [http://helmed.info/topic/jam-spoon/ jam spoon set me fre] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/acer-c.htm acer c300] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/allenamento-per.htm allenamento per la mtb] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/stampante-hp/ stampante hp 6840] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/nikon-/ nikon 70-300 g] [http://ustall.org/web/kt-tunstall.htm kt tunstall eye telescope] [http://saibso.org/acer-mp.htm acer mp3 512mb] [http://nobinters.org/r-mb.htm r9250 128mb pci ddr dvi tvo 64bit] [http://helmed.info/topic/warp-brothers/ warp brothers] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/grande-sophie.htm grande sophie] [http://ustall.org/web/netgear-wgr.htm netgear wgr614 802 11g wireless router] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/art-carney/ art carney] [http://chaba.info/gioco-di/ gioco di macchine da corsa] [http://helmed.info/topic/pristina/ pristina] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/musica-y/ musica y videos musicales de yandel] [http://davte.info/library/html/frisinga.htm frisinga] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/one-piece.htm one piece ps2 videogiochi] [http://helmed.info/topic/il-cuore/ il cuore e un zingaro] [http://ustall.org/web/x-ray.htm x ray murder boom boom] [http://nobinters.org/get-here.htm get here] [http://ustall.org/web/la-festa.htm la festa dei folli] [http://saibso.org/girlsaloud-sound.htm girlsaloud sound of the underground] [http://chaba.info/occhiali-ray/ occhiali ray ban donna] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/www-googl/ www googl com] [http://helmed.info/topic/santa-clara/ santa clara (u.s.a.)] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/joe-lansdale/ joe lansdale] [http://helmed.info/topic/saoke/ saoke] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/hej/ hej] [http://ustall.org/web/nissan-micra.htm nissan micra c c] [http://davte.info/library/html/immagine-mare.htm immagine mare] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/lop/ lop] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/sony-npfp/ sony np-fp90] [http://ustall.org/web/tastiera-retro.htm tastiera retro illuminata] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/michel-bouble/ michel bouble] [http://nobinters.org/rulli-per.htm rulli per bicicletta] [http://saibso.org/dvx-s.htm dvx s120 yamaha] [http://saibso.org/linea-porno.htm linea porno gay] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/www-i/ www i love messenger it] [http://davte.info/library/html/fort-bliss.htm fort bliss] [http://saibso.org/filato.htm filato] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/torrie.htm torrie] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/macchina-a/ macchina a vapore] [http://saibso.org/rian-air.htm rian air] [http://helmed.info/topic/siemens-gigaset/ siemens gigaset sl] [http://chaba.info/barabani-paolo/ barabani paolo] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/pesca-da/ pesca da riva] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/ingrossamento-pene/ ingrossamento pene] [http://kinunia.cn/athlon-xp.htm athlon xp 64 3200] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/scanner-fujitsu/ scanner fujitsu a3] [http://nobinters.org/la-strada.htm la strada giusta] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/mollificio-cappeller/ mollificio cappeller] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/gladiatore-rmx.htm gladiatore rmx] [http://helmed.info/topic/teac-hd/ teac hd esterno usb] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/kaho/ kaho] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/counter-attak/ counter attak] [http://chaba.info/francesi/ francesi] [http://kinunia.cn/boneym.htm boneym] [http://davte.info/library/html/imac.htm imac 20] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/di-luca.htm di luca brothers spa] [http://ustall.org/web/tim-curry.htm tim curry] [http://helmed.info/topic/street-of/ street of simcity] [http://kinunia.cn/www-banca.htm www banca lombarda] [http://kinunia.cn/www-pesca.htm www pesca in it] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/a-tutto/ a tutto bergman] [http://nobinters.org/stylus-photo.htm stylus photo r200] [http://chaba.info/myskina-nue/ myskina nue] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/nike-basketball/ nike basketball shoes] [http://saibso.org/tendenze-dell.htm tendenze dell architettura contemporanea] [http://davte.info/library/html/morron.htm morron] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/associazione-invalidi/ associazione invalidi civili rovigo] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/stock-market/ stock market] [http://helmed.info/topic/rdb-vigili/ rdb vigili] [http://davte.info/library/html/philips-impianti.htm philips impianti hi-fi] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/velsen.htm velsen] [http://helmed.info/topic/zephir-condizionatore/ zephir condizionatore] [http://saibso.org/casamicciola.htm casamicciola] [http://davte.info/library/html/fan-fiction.htm fan fiction site] [http://chaba.info/sermon/ sermon] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/barbara-durso.htm barbara durso] [http://chaba.info/locali-hard/ locali hard] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/trittico-damore/ trittico damore] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/kodak-/ kodak - easyshare cx7330] [http://ustall.org/web/ups.htm ups 650] [http://davte.info/library/html/macchine-caffe.htm macchine caffe krups] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/losing-my/ losing my] [http://chaba.info/tiziana-sensi/ tiziana sensi] [http://ustall.org/web/fuji-.htm fuji - finepix s5500] [http://kinunia.cn/jennifer-connelly.htm jennifer connelly nuda] [http://saibso.org/fort-washington.htm fort washington - vita da cani] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/scarpe-lizard/ scarpe lizard] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/time-to.htm time to rock] [http://kinunia.cn/la-mano.htm la mano che uccide] [http://helmed.info/topic/porsche/ porsche 2003 996] [http://chaba.info/franchising-abbronzatura/ franchising abbronzatura] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/vaio-/ vaio 17 notebook] [http://chaba.info/auto-noleggio/ auto noleggio benevento] [http://kinunia.cn/frigoriferi-incasso.htm frigoriferi incasso 320] [http://davte.info/library/html/ituiutaba.htm ituiutaba] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/set-posate.htm set posate] [http://chaba.info/con-origen/ con origen nel deserto della california] [http://nobinters.org/gay-e.htm gay e transex] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/stefania-lay/ stefania lay] [http://helmed.info/topic/curriculum-vitae/ curriculum vitae europeo] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/un-medico/ un medico in famiglia. prima serie. vol. 01] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/www-roten/ www roten com] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/monitor-yakumo.htm monitor yakumo 17 lcd] [http://helmed.info/topic/seit-elettronica/ seit elettronica srl] [http://nobinters.org/hard-disck.htm hard disck 80gb] [http://chaba.info/fiat-punto/ fiat punto 1.2 16v sporting] [http://chaba.info/canon-cblue/ canon cb-2lue] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/godwin-austen/ godwin austen] [http://nobinters.org/motoraduni-.htm motoraduni 2004 vicenza] [http://nobinters.org/emma-shapplin.htm emma shapplin - carmine meo] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/danu.htm danu] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/righeira-karaoke.htm righeira karaoke] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/calciocom/ calcio.com] [http://chaba.info/konica-minolta/ konica minolta dimage 600] [http://kinunia.cn/rebel-a.htm rebel a k a] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/forno-con.htm forno con piano cottura] [http://saibso.org/clipart-cobra.htm clipart cobra] [http://saibso.org/videochatgratis.htm videochatgratis] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/accessori-per.htm accessori per interni audi 4] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/miratoio.htm miratoio] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/mac-os/ mac os 10 4 tiger] [http://chaba.info/sacrifice-by/ sacrifice by lisa gerard and peter burke] [http://ustall.org/web/von-savigny.htm von savigny] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/udo-samel.htm udo samel] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/jamie-walters/ jamie walters songs] [http://ustall.org/web/top-sensation.htm top sensation] [http://ustall.org/web/dulce-maria.htm dulce maria clase 406] [http://saibso.org/posto-al.htm posto al sole rai it] [http://davte.info/library/html/bella-balilla.htm bella balilla] [http://chaba.info/platinum-wall/ platinum wall] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/dating-sites.htm dating sites] [http://kinunia.cn/tu-che.htm tu che] [http://davte.info/library/html/foto-arcuri.htm foto arcuri] [http://nobinters.org/totali-.htm totali spies] [http://kinunia.cn/frigorifero-no.htm frigorifero no frost classe a silver] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/miguel-bose.htm miguel bose super superman] [http://saibso.org/omicidio-per.htm omicidio per vocazione] [http://davte.info/library/html/minueto.htm minueto] [http://helmed.info/topic/la-celiachia/ la celiachia] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/notebook-schede/ notebook schede acquisizione e tv] [http://nobinters.org/lamiere-reggio.htm lamiere reggio emilia] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/rx-v.htm rx v2500] [http://davte.info/library/html/ragazza-ischia.htm ragazza ischia] [http://kinunia.cn/poltrona-piscina.htm poltrona piscina] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/turn-me/ turn me on de kevin little] [http://nobinters.org/palmari-ppc.htm palmari ppc] [http://davte.info/library/html/xvid-video.htm xvid video codec windows] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/dance-live/ dance live in trento] [http://saibso.org/awz.htm awz 6516] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/motori-di/ motori di ricrca] [http://helmed.info/topic/monica-belucci/ monica belucci sex] [http://chaba.info/charme/ charme] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/martin-il/ martin il marziano] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/trust-wireless/ trust wireless audio video] [http://nobinters.org/ram-notebook.htm ram notebook ddr sdram hp] [http://saibso.org/marlen.htm marlen] [http://nobinters.org/hit-mania.htm hit mania dance 2000 2001] [http://davte.info/library/html/ka-sport.htm ka sport] [http://nobinters.org/driana.htm driana] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/acer-x/ acer x700 notebook] [http://helmed.info/topic/natural-power/ natural power] [http://saibso.org/www-asharqalawsat.htm www asharqalawsat com] [http://nobinters.org/gancio-orecchino.htm gancio orecchino] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/eamon-test.htm eamon test] [http://saibso.org/lipsia-citta.htm lipsia citta] [http://chaba.info/amico-maria/ amico maria de filippi sito ufficiale] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/sito-per/ sito per scaricare musica] [http://helmed.info/topic/furg/ furg] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/una-pistola/ una pistola per un vile] [http://kinunia.cn/test-fotocamera.htm test fotocamera digitali] [http://chaba.info/mv-/ mv 750 canon] [http://kinunia.cn/fotocamera-nikon.htm fotocamera nikon 10x] [http://saibso.org/giochi-tim.htm giochi tim] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/sbs.htm sbs 350] [http://helmed.info/topic/night-nurse/ night nurse] [http://helmed.info/topic/decapitato-com/ decapitato com] [http://nobinters.org/villaggi-del.htm villaggi del ventaglio] [http://ustall.org/web/milano-trieste.htm milano trieste biglietti aerei] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/nomi-cuccioli.htm nomi cuccioli] [http://kinunia.cn/baciata.htm baciata] [http://saibso.org/john-huston.htm john huston] [http://chaba.info/lotta-per/ lotta per la vita] [http://helmed.info/topic/gico-tetris/ gico tetris per computer] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/locandina-film/ locandina film the rock] [http://kinunia.cn/sla-gasolina.htm sla gasolina] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/superfighetto-it/ superfighetto it] [http://kinunia.cn/uv-lampada.htm uv lampada] [http://kinunia.cn/concierto-di.htm concierto di aranjuez] [http://davte.info/library/html/watt-radio.htm watt radio] [http://nobinters.org/contax-ur.htm contax u4r] [http://helmed.info/topic/oops-sexy/ oops sexy ratis] [http://chaba.info/hornet/ hornet 2002] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/p.htm p4 2 4] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/flight-sim/ flight sim] [http://nobinters.org/keyserling-eduard.htm keyserling, eduard von-] [http://helmed.info/topic/donna-orologi/ donna orologi sector] [http://nobinters.org/annuncio-affitto.htm annuncio affitto biella] [http://saibso.org/cosa.htm cosa] [http://chaba.info/dancing-with/ dancing with my] [http://helmed.info/topic/lc-pe/ lc 26p50e] [http://nobinters.org/video-cnn.htm video cnn] [http://ustall.org/web/rivelatore-gas.htm rivelatore gas] [http://ustall.org/web/novella.htm novella] [http://saibso.org/grand-hotel.htm grand hotel fleming] [http://ustall.org/web/violeta-parra.htm violeta parra] [http://kinunia.cn/microonde-combinato.htm microonde combinato vapore] [http://nobinters.org/escort-girl.htm escort girl] [http://chaba.info/frigorifero-e/ frigorifero e congelatore classe a] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/game-boy.htm game boy zaffiro] [http://saibso.org/significado-de.htm significado de la letra i] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/scandalo-a/ scandalo a corte] [http://davte.info/library/html/grazioli-giocattoli.htm grazioli giocattoli] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/decapitazione-integrale/ decapitazione integrale] [http://ustall.org/web/listino-prezzi.htm listino prezzi ascensori] [http://saibso.org/boxoffice.htm boxoffice] [http://saibso.org/partituras-de.htm partituras de la ley] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/nis-/ nis 2005 upg] [http://davte.info/library/html/foto-auto.htm foto auto elaborate tuning] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/henryson-o/ henryson o henderson, robert] [http://nobinters.org/parma-lamezia.htm parma lamezia terme biglietti aerei] [http://kinunia.cn/manowar-wheels.htm manowar wheels of fire] [http://helmed.info/topic/tutto-va/ tutto va come deve andare] [http://ustall.org/web/sono-le.htm sono le venti] [http://nobinters.org/telepiu.htm telepiu] [http://saibso.org/geometri.htm geometri] [http://saibso.org/hotel-passo.htm hotel passo del tonale] [http://kinunia.cn/tesine-chimica.htm tesine chimica] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/www-goole.htm www goole com ar] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/magix-video/ magix video deluxe 2005 plus] [http://ustall.org/web/atos-auto.htm atos auto] [http://ustall.org/web/scheda-wlan.htm scheda wlan] [http://ustall.org/web/gruppo-pooh.htm gruppo pooh] [http://saibso.org/desnudo.htm desnudo] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/indiana-jones.htm indiana jones nella rete] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/lampada-da/ lampada da terra illuminazione] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/moto-guzzi/ moto guzzi v11 sport] [http://saibso.org/weyrauch-wolfgang.htm weyrauch, wolfgang] [http://kinunia.cn/calendario-ragazze.htm calendario ragazze del web] [http://davte.info/library/html/giocho-calcio.htm giocho calcio] [http://nobinters.org/waterfalls-of.htm waterfalls of the philippines] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/frigoriferi-da/ frigoriferi da incasso classe a] [http://chaba.info/san-giorgio/ san giorgio a cremano] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/samsung-t.htm samsung 710t] [http://helmed.info/topic/monitor-benq/ monitor benq fp71g] [http://saibso.org/colpo-grosso.htm colpo grosso (dvd)] [http://nobinters.org/generatori-di.htm generatori di trojan] [http://helmed.info/topic/photos-de/ photos de chien] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/donna-fotografia.htm donna fotografia] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/symple-red/ symple red] [http://kinunia.cn/periyar.htm periyar] [http://davte.info/library/html/dvi-femmina.htm dvi femmina vga maschio] [http://ustall.org/web/pixma-ipr.htm pixma ip4000r] [http://helmed.info/topic/energy-protector/ energy protector 600] [http://helmed.info/topic/codice-penale/ codice penale] [http://davte.info/library/html/vangog.htm vangog] [http://saibso.org/hidden.htm hidden] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/scugnizza/ scugnizza] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/canon-eosd/ canon eos20d] [http://ustall.org/web/attrice-italiana.htm attrice italiana g] [http://saibso.org/glenn-miller.htm glenn miller - la storia di glenn miller] [http://ustall.org/web/rebecca-ferratti.htm rebecca ferratti] [http://saibso.org/popeye-vol.htm popeye. vol. 21] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/km-smart.htm km0 smart fortwo diesel auto km 0] [http://chaba.info/comunecusanomutri-it/ comunecusanomutri it] [http://kinunia.cn/compositor-dale.htm compositor dale don nokia] [http://ustall.org/web/gps-ipaq.htm gps ipaq 36xx] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/renault-laguna.htm renault laguna benzina] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/arenaria-zoologia/ arenaria (zoologia)] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/last-minute/ last minute it] {| align=right
|-
|
[[Image:Main-G5Q-14.jpg|Relay]]
|}
Description: A PIC can't source more than 25mA, so how do I turn on/off a light bulb? With a relay!

Relays are those large black boxes that go 'click'. There is a coil inside. When current flows through the coil a magnetic field causes the the internal paddle to move postions. This paddle usually carrys large currents or large voltages.

Most relays have various ratings. We'll start with the coil voltage. '12VDC' for example means that the control coil requires 12V DC for the unit to switch the paddle. The other rating you'll see is '10A'. This refers to the amount of current you can run through the control paddle contact (''not'' the current through the coil). So a 10A relay can handle a load of up to 10A- less than 10A is no problem. What happens if you try to run more current than the max? Well, it will probably work, but at higher currents the internal sparking will tend to burn the contacts. The paddle can potentially spot-weld itself to the contacts in extreme cases.

There are sealed and vented relays. Vented relays tend to run a bit cooler, but are more suceptible to gunk getting into the moving parts.

There are many configurations based on the circuit you need to control. DPDT (double pull double throw), SPDT (single pull double throw) are two of the most common. View the equivalent circuits in the mfg's datasheets to get an idea of how they work.

Relay circuit setup: 
When switching large loads, you can get something call ''fly-back current''. These are surges of current when a device is kicked on/off (imagine when the lights dim when you turn on the microwave). Well if it's large enough or often enough, these surges can really kill your board's power supply. The fly

[[Image:Relay-Example.jpg|Example Relay Circuit]]

Many microcontrollers cannot source enough current to feed the control coil. So Q1 is any old BJT (2N3904 is a good one) to turn on/off the relay. The diode 1N4148 (simple, cheap, can handle ~200mA current) is there to supress any fly-back current from entering the main power supply. Be sure to watch how you polarize your diode.

Documents: 

Footprints: 
[[SFE_Footprint_Library|SFE Footprint Library]]

There are various footprints available. Always be sure to do a 1:1 printout of your board and matchup the physical relay to the printout before PCB fab. Sometime the manufacturers list recommended footprints from the bottom view which can lead to mirrored and incorrect FPs.

Manufacturer Info: 

Supplier Info: 
Digikey part # : G5Q-1-DC12 
Single Piece Price : $2.25

Related Items: 

[[Category:Components]]