OpenCircuits - User contributions [en]

PG31 GPS USB Dev Board

2007-08-22T08:47:03Z

206.251.234.35:

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[[Image:Main-Eval-PG31-USB-Loaded.jpg|PG31 USB Dev Board]]
|}
Description: You've probably heard about the CP210x USB ICs from Silicon Labs, now here's an application that uses it. The CP2102 gives us 3V TTL to a VCP (virtual comm port) over USB as well as generating the 3.3V needed for the board.

In this project we demonstrate how to:
*Setup a USB to Serial link
*Use the CP2102 for 3.3V
*Use a SMD 12mm battery holder

----
===USB Connection===
The CP2102 USB IC is fairly easy to use once you've plugged it down a couple times.

[[Image:PG31-USB-Connection.jpg|PG31 USB Connection]]

The USB connector has four pins : Vcc (*around* 5V), GND, D , D-. Tying these four connections to the CP2102 is easy enough.

[[Image:PG31-USB-Connection-Schematic.jpg]]

There are a couple things to note. In this setup, we do not have any ESD protection or surge supression. We are quite possibly violating some USB standards. But does it work? Yep.

When you configure the CP2102 this way, it can source up to 100mA at 3.3V using its internal voltage regulator. This is perfect for our application as the PG31 needs ~40mA at 3.3V.

Note the TX pin on the CP2102 is an output and needs to be connected to the RX pin on the PG31. This screwed me up a few times.

The CP2102 has built-in cystal and eeprom. These means you need very few external components to get it working. You can even program in your own ID string so when you plug it onto your computer, it comes up with the name of your widget!

When the CP210x is attached to a computer (and it's soldered correctly) you will see windows hardware wizard request drivers. These drivers can be downloaded from SI Labs. You can also create ''your own signature drivers'' using some SI Labs software.

You can also program the internal EEPROM to reflect your own product ID and serial strings. This software is from SI Labs as well but I forget were - when someone finds it, post it here.

Once the drivers are installed, the CP210x will turn into a serial com port! Yes! It's weird to think about until you see it happen. So this USB dev board now acts like a com port on my computer. All I have to do is pass characters in and out COM 5 (for example) and I can do things over USB! No messy drivers, no protocols to think about, it's all done in the IC. All right!

One thing to note when you are using the CP210x ICs, the Linux community may scoff. SI Labs did a great job with the windows support, but a piss-poor job of opening the drivers for the open-source community. I'm not really a Linux person so it didn't effect me. But if your app needs linux connectivity, you may want to take a quick look for other potential ICs. Last I heard, there was good Linux support for the CP2102, but there was nothing for the CP2103 GPIO control...

One last con : The ICs come in QFN leadless package only. YES it can be soldered by hand, but you'll need some experience and/or some good hot-air soldering tools. I taught myself how to rework stuff using this IC. You really can't destroy it, but you can certainly delaminate (kill) the PCB if you heat it for excessive amounts of time. Don't 'not' create a PCB or a design because of silly SMD parts. They're not that hard to solder!

----

===Battery Backup===

[[Image:12mm-Holder.jpg|12mm coin cell holder]]

If you're playing with GPS, you've ''got to have a battery backup''. The 12mm coin cell lithium allows the PG31 (and many other GPS receivers) to retain the alamanac data. This small battery provides just enough juice for 3-5 years. By having alamanac data at power on, the GPS receiver will be able to do a warm lock instead of a cold lock. Cold locks take 1-2 minutes, warm locks, as little as 30 seconds. The alamanac data, in effect, allows the GPS receiver to 'guess' where it is in the world ("Last time I was on I was in Ohio, therefor, I will assume I'm near there").

If you're unfamiliar with Lithium Coin Cells - they come in a couple different sizes. I prefer 12mm just cause it's small but beefy enough to do most of the BBR (battery backed ram) that we need to support. The battery itself has a postive top (noted by the plus) and a ground on the bottom. You normally create a pad on the PCB for the ground and the coin cell holder is positive. We've learned the hard way that the bottom part of the cell is sometimes concave. This means that when you slide the coin cell onto the board, the concave ground part of the cell may not contact the PCB pad very well. If you're using a paste stencil, just leave a cutout for this pad. The extra paste will add 5-10 mils of solder to the pad. If you're solder the thing by hand, add a little blob of solder to this ground pad to give it some height. When you insert the battery, it should ride nicely on top of the ground pad blob.
----
===PG31 Footprint===
[[Image:PG31-Footprint.jpg]]

Now about the footprint for the PG31. Unless the manufacturer hands you a foorprint file or a simple, recommended FP in the datasheet, you're going to have to go it on your own. We took the PG31 and a pair of calipers and went at it. It can be extremely difficult the first time. This PG31 FP took me twice to get correct. Do the best you can and try to account for things like the antenna connector. The second rev FP, I forgot to account for the MMCX connector, I put the DB9 connector right up against the PG31, and Viola - useless PCB! a.k.a another coaster for my coffee cup. But once you've got the FP, you're good for all future projects using that device. Now you know when engs hate to change parts...

----
===Final Layout===
[[Image:PG31-USB-Layout.jpg|300px]]

You can see the PCB layout is pretty straight forward. The 'solder jumpers' are a feature that SFE came up with to minimize our manufacturing time while allowing end users to populate the physical jumpers if they needed the ability to connect/disconnect a feature often and quickly. Most users just plug the PG31 onto their computer for quick evaluation. At some point, the CP2102 IC may need to be disconnected from the circuit so that an external micro or embedded system could be attached. If this is done back and forth often, the end user can clear the solder jumper with a swipe of the soldering iron, install a 2-pin header and a black plastic jumper. This now allows them to jumper/dejumper quickly and keeps us from having to solder the 2-pin headers into a board that may not need them.

----

===Things to Improve===
So that's pretty much it. The board works well, and assuming Laipac doesn't change their parts again, we will produce the board for some time.

We may consider migrating to a different USB IC someday but the CP2102 continues to be a really simple to use USB to UART IC.
----
===Documents===
[[Media:PG31 USB Schematic.pdf|PG31 USB Schematic]]

[[Media:PG31 USB Carrier - Protel.zip|PG31-USB Protel File]]

[[Media:PG31 USB Carrier - Gerbers.zip|PG31-USB Gerber Files]]

Footprints: 
[[SFE_Footprint_Library|SFE Footprint Library]]

FP Name: PG31

Supplier Info: 
Spark Fun Electronics part # : Eval-PG31-USB 
Single Piece Price : $29.95

Related Items: 

[[Category:Projects]]

PG31 GPS RS232 Dev Board

2007-08-22T08:31:12Z

206.251.234.35:

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[http://online.rigour.info/occhiale-roberto/ occhiale roberto cavallo] {| align=right
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[[Image:Main-Eval-PG31-RS232.jpg|PG31 RS232 Dev Board]]
|}
Description: Getting information from your project to your computer can be difficult at first. Once you discover how to setup an RS232 connection, it's really just cut-and-paste for future projects.

In this project we demonstrate how to:
*Setup an external power supply
*Setup 3.3V to RS232 circuit
*Complex PG31 GPS footprint

----
===Power Regulation===
First we will start with a simple adjustable voltage regulation circuit:

[[Image:PG31-PowerSupply.jpg|PG31 Power Supply]]

Please note this is a relatively compact SMD version of the power supply. This can easily be obtained with through-hole components using a breadboard. Here is the schematic:

[[Image:PG31-PowerSupply-Schematic.jpg]]

Now let's discuss what's going on here. The barrel jack (J1) is a basic 5.5mm OD 2.1mm ID type jack. We get an unregulated 9-13V out of the wall wart.

The D3 large diode MBRA140 is for reverse protection. It can handle up to 1A and prevents damage to the board if a center-negative wallwart is attached. This diode will cause a ~0.5V drop from whatever the wall-wart is outputting.

C2 ([[10uF Tantalum Capacitor]] in this case) is a basic decoupling cap. 10-100uF is adequate but should be rated for 15-25V.

U1 is the LM317 (or LM1117 in SMD form) adjustable [[Basic_Voltage_Regulators|voltage regulator]]. It will take in some larger voltage and output a set voltage. The output voltage is set with two external resistors. R1 is historically 240 and value for R2 is different for different required output voltages. In our case, we want 3.3V out of the regulator, so R2 is set to 715. The LM317 is good because it is variable, the SOT-223 package is nice becuase it can take a relatively large voltage on the input (25V max I believe?) and has decent heat dissapation.

C1 and C3 are decoupling caps that help clean up the output transcients and noise.

J2 is just a two pin polarized header so that you can either 'steal' 3.3V from the board to power other boards, or have other boards power this board without the need for the external wall wart.

----

===RS232 Interface===
So we've got a nice clean output of 3.3V from the regulator, let's look at the RS232 connection:

[[Image:PG31-SerialConnection.jpg|PG31 Serial Connection]]

This shows the DB9 connector (also known as a D-Sub 9-pin connector), serial cable, and MAX3232 IC and charge pump caps (all SMD, again, can be done with PTH components). Here is the schematic:

[[Image:PG31-SerialConnection-Schematic.jpg]]

Now read-up on the MAX232 IC. It could be the most common IC out there, at least for the embdded world. This IC will have many different model names (ICL232 for example) but all do the same thing, and will most likely have identical pin-outs. This IC is used to take low voltage signals from your micro or PIC or ARM or whatever, and converts those low-voltage signals to higher-voltage signals that the computer can understand. The voltage levels on TTL are also inverted for RS232 so the MAX232 takes care of that as well!

The MAX232 takes in TTL signals and sends out RS232 signals. It also takes the RS232 signals from the computer and outputs TTL signals to whatever microcontroller you are using. How does it do this magic? With charge pump capacitors. You'll notice four 0.1uF caps attached to the MAX3232. If you're reading closely, you'll also notice we have a MAX3232 not the MAX232. Difference:
*MAX232 must be powered with 5V and converts 5V TTL<->RS232
*MAX3232 can be powered from 3V to 5V and converts it to RS232

So in this application, the GPS unit is running at 3.3V. If we were to send 5V TTL to it, it would be damaged! So we must use the lower voltage MAX3232 part. No big deal, it's functionally identical to the MAX232. From here on out, I will only refer to the MAX232.

When you first view the MAX232 component, it can be a bit confusing. The pins label T1/T2 are the transmit channels (MAX232 has 2 TX channels and 2 RX channels). T1In/T2In will take *in* TTL and send *out* RS232 out T1Out/T2Out. So for our purposes, we need to connect the GPS unit's serial TX pin to the T1In pin of the MAX232. So when the GPS unit outputs some 3.3V TTL signals, these signals will be converted into RS232 and sent to the computer (TX1Out is connected to pin 2 on the DB9 connector).

Finally, when the computer needs to send info to the GPS unit, it will send RS232 signals down the serial cable, on pin 3 of the serial cable/DB9 connector to R1In of the MAX232. This RS232 signal will be converter to TTL and sent out the R1Out pin. This TTL signal is connected to the RX pin on the GPS unit. Voila.

I can't tell you how many times I've crossed TX and RX on different projects. Sit down, think about it, and once you've got it wired correctly, cut and paste into future projects.

----

===PG31 Footprint===
[[Image:PG31-Footprint.jpg]]

Now about the footprint for the PG31. Unless the manufacturer hands you a foorprint file or a simple, recommended FP in the datasheet, you're going to have to go it on your own. We took the PG31 and a pair of calipers and went at it. It can be extremely difficult the first time. This PG31 FP took me twice to get correct. Do the best you can and try to account for things like the antenna connector. The second rev FP, I forgot to account for the MMCX connector, I put the DB9 connector right up against the PG31, and Viola - useless PCB! a.k.a another coaster for my coffee cup. But once you've got the FP, you're good for all future projects using that device. Now you know why engineers hate to change parts...

----

===Final Layout===
[[Image:PG31-Layout.jpg|300px]]

You can see the PCB layout is pretty straight forward. The 'solder jumpers' are a feature that SFE came up with to minimize our manufacturing time while allowing end users to populate the physical jumpers if they needed the ability to connect/disconnect a feature often and quickly. Most users just plug the PG31 onto their computer for quick evaluation. At some point, the MAX232 may need to be disconnected from the circuit so that an external micro or embedded system could be attached. If this is done back and forth often, the end user can clear the solder jumper with a swipe of the soldering iron, install a 2-pin header and a black plastic jumper. This now allows them to jumper/dejumper quickly and keeps us from having to solder the 2-pin headers into a board that may not need them.

----

===Things to Improve===
So that's pretty much it. The board works well, and assuming Laipac doesn't change their parts again, we will produce the board for some time.

----
===Documents===
[[Media:PG31-RS232 Schematic.pdf|PG31-RS232 Schematic]]

[[Media:PG31 RS232 Carrier - Protel.zip|PG31-RS232 Protel File]]

[[Media:PG31 RS232 Carrier - Gerbers.zip|PG31-RS232 Gerber Files]]

Footprints: 
[[SFE_Footprint_Library|SFE Footprint Library]]

FP Name: PG31

Supplier Info: 
Spark Fun Electronics part # : Eval-PG31-RS232 
Single Piece Price : $29.95

Related Items: 

[[Category:Projects]]

TRAXMOD

2007-08-22T07:20:44Z

206.251.234.35:

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[http://online.rigour.info/traduttore-simultanei/ traduttore simultanei on line] [http://pagina.rigour.info/fiat-pd/ fiat pd] === TRAXMOD Digital Audio Player ===
TRAXMOD is an open source digital audio player for dsPIC/ARM microcontrollers. Unlike most portable audio players, TRAXMOD's main focus is module music files (MOD, etc).

[http://www.k9spud.com/traxmod/ http://www.k9spud.com/traxmod/] - Project web site.

[[Category:Projects]]

== About Module Music ==

MOD music started in the 1980's on Amiga computers and has been evolving ever since. While MP3 seems to take center stage for most people today, module music files still provide some unique advantages over MP3:

* A huge amount of legal, freely downloadable music is available on the Internet from sites such as the [http://www.modarchive.com/ MOD Archive] and [http://www.scenemusic.net/in.htm?id=5324 Nectarine Demoscene Radio]. Most MP3 files are ripped from commercial RIAA controlled music CDs, which makes it illegal to share them with friends. In contrast, most MOD files are composed by individuals who allow them to be freely distributed.

* MP3 files are finalized raw wave data that are not easy to tinker with. MOD files combine individual instrument wave data and note event information (ala MIDI) which allows users to see more information about how the music is composed. It is far easier to read, remix, and tinker with MOD music files for those learning about creating music.

* Numerous free and low cost programs exist to support the creation of new module music on most platforms. Many people create MOD music in their home with minimal equipment, rather than spending large amounts for studio time.

* Small file sizes, usually even smaller than MP3 files of comparable play length.

* Patent free.

Transistors, Diodes, etc.

2007-08-22T05:27:56Z

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[[Category:Components]]