OpenCircuits - User contributions [en]

ARMUS Embedded Linux Board

2007-11-07T06:08:49Z

158.232.241.4:

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[http://desert.weedns.com/web/johnsonmagic.html johnson magic] [http://peals.weedns.com/150inohiopark.html 150 in ohio park under water] [http://cement.weedns.com/epsoncartridge/ epson cartridge] [http://stiff.weedns.com/usbirthsbyyear.html us births by year] [http://wight.weedns.com/precuthomecalifornia/ pre cut home california] [http://wrapp.weedns.com/jayzsonglyric.html jay z song lyric] [http://stiff.weedns.com/amortization.html amortization] [http://wight.weedns.com/allfoldersread/ all folders read only] [http://wight.weedns.com/inretirement/ in retirement] [http://cement.weedns.com/plussizewedding/ plus size wedding gowns] ==Presentation==
ARMUS, an ARM robotic processing system designed by a team of fourth-year undergraduate students in electrical engineering and computer engineering. This project intends to replace the Handy Board, the current microcontroller system used by first-year undergraduate students in our curricula with a more powerful, versatile and up- to- date technology, while preserving ease of use. Our ARMUS processing system offers high processing and memory capabilities at low energy consumption, for a price of around 300$CAD.

Here is a paper describing the whole project:
[[Media:ArmusPaper.pdf|Article on Armus]]

==Specs==
The board is made to run Linux. We have sucessfully built and tested the first prototype. It ran Linux 2.4 with no big issues. Since then, we have designed the second version (proto2), but never built it because we graduated.
Here are the specs:
* AT91RM9200 CPU (ARM920T core)
* On board 32MB SDRAM and 8 MB Flash.
* CompactFLash
* SD/MMC trough SPI
* 2 RS232 ports
* JTAG/ICE port
* LCD port on the memory bus, we used a graphical LCD of 64x128
* 10baseT Ethernet
* USB Host and Device
* CAN port
* Audio (TLC320AIC23B: stereo out, stereo in, microphone in, 44.1kHz 16 bits)
* 48 IOs and 10 ADCs on a PIC18F8310
* 4x dsPIC30f3010 for motor control (4 DC, 4 servo, 4 capture/compare, 4 quad encoder, 8 more ADCs)

* Power supply is done with two switching power supplies (3.3V and 5V) to minimize power comsuption.

==Design Files==
Here are the whole hardware design tree. These [[Media:ArmusHardware.zip|Project files]] were made using Altium designer 2004 SP4. They include the schematics and the PCB files. I would gladly post a PDF version, but somehow pins number and names get affected by the operations.

There is a free "Altium Viewer" license availlable at www.altium.com, one should be able to view the whole project with it.

Here are the [[Media:ArmusGerber.zip|Gerber files for Armus]], All optimized for Sierra Proto Express, wich did a fantastic job on the first proto run at very low cost with their "no-touch 4-layer" service. To use any other fab house remember that trace/space is 6 mils, and minimum hole size is 15mils.

==Software Drivers and Kernels==
THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, COME BACK SOON!
I still need to get the software part together...

== other boards that run Linux ==

* [[Linuxstamp]]
* [http://balloonboard.org/ Balloon board]

[[Category:Projects]]

OpenCircuits:Community portal

2007-11-07T05:58:26Z

158.232.241.4:

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Welcome to Open Circuits.
This is a good place to talk about Open Circuits, as a whole.

We have {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles now. Yay!

== Anti-Vandalism Bot ==
It is my opinion that this should be the top goal for this site to accomplish.

: ''We recently updated the $wgSpamRegex ( http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:%24wgSpamRegex ). It should block nearly all of the kinds of spam we've been seeing in the past. (Use [[Meta:Sandbox]] for testing). --[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 08:46, 6 June 2007 (PDT)''
::The problem is, that this is not a one time thing. It must be updated regulary, so it also works for new kinds of spam --SebDE

Seeing a lot of stubborn spammers. Can we implement some kind of ip blocking mechanism?, that blocks repeated spam ip's for a week or so. Here's a list of known [[spammer ip]].
:Blocking based on IPs might be usefull if it uses a maintained black or gray list, but the kind of IP blocking is used around here doesn't help much. --SebDE

Disabling edits from users that aren't logged in might help a lot: http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Faq#How_can_I_prevent_editing_by_anonymous_users.3F --[[User:Mzandrew|Mzandrew]] 14:16, 8 September 2007 (PDT)
:[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] wrote: "We want a system in a way that makes it very easy for anyone to help us." on his User Discussion page.
:But it wouldn't hurt if the creation of new sites would be logged in users only. (Would reduce the need to delete certain articles over and over again) --SebDE

Or if someone's not logged in, could we enable a captcha so that the spammers would at least have to do it manually?
Here's the ReCAPTCHA extension for mediawiki sites: http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ReCAPTCHA
There's also the ConfirmEdit extension. http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ConfirmEdit
--[[User:Mzandrew|Mzandrew]] 13:38, 9 September 2007 (PDT)
:That is way to overdesigned if you know what I mean. And just btw it is hell for accessibility. I would rather see the use other techniques like wgSpamRegex and the use of a maintained IP black list first before using such ugly things... --SebDE

I have a whole bunch of PIC projects and things I think I can do to contribute to this Wiki, but the spam here is way way out of control. I'm looking at the change logs and I'm seeing 20+ spam edits per day. I'm not so sure I want to contribute if my contributions are going to be destroyed in a matter or days. I think requiring a logon to make changes would cut out most of the spam. At this point, the problem is so bad that making things alittle harder for people to make changes is probably worth the benefits.

Also, this isn't directly related to spam, but it would be nice if the site didn't put nofollow on all the URLs. I think more people would be willing to add project info pages to the wiki if they new it would make them more visable in search engines. The wiki is small enough at this point that if people start abusing this it would be easy to ban or delete their account( assuming the change is made to require a login to make edits)
[[User:Mzoran|Mzoran]] 21:42, 14 October 2007 (PDT)

== electrical mailing lists ==
Yahoo claims they have
[http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/dir/Science/Engineering/Electrical 1,831 electrical engineering mailing lists].
What would be a good way of letting the people on those lists know about the Open Circuits wiki, without spamming them?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 13:30, 31 May 2006 (PDT)

* Publish cold fusion howto :-)
* Send one email/week and only once per list. And be on topic, listen carefully for responses.
[[User:Freqmax|Freqmax]] 16:24, 30 July 2007 (PDT)

== about Open Circuits ==
So, is there any connection between http://OpenCircuits.org/ , http://OpenCircuits.net/ , and this http://OpenCircuits.com/ wiki?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 23:47, 13 June 2006 (PDT)

No. There is no connection between any of http://opencircuits.com and the other websites listed.
[[User:Chazegh|Chazegh]] 02:55, 18 June 2006 (PDT)
== web rings ==
Document an original microcontroller project and join a PIC webring, or AVR webring. 20 June 2006

== audio electronics ==

Is there some other wiki for people to talk about audio electronics?
Or is this Open Circuits the best wiki for talking about things like
''"[http://analog.com/ Analog Devices] AN-221: The Alexander current-feedback audio power amplifier"'' by Mark Alexander
?

I think I would prefer to offload all the audio electronics controversies to some other wiki
(but which one?).
Still, it would be nice to have some "tips for high-power electronics" here.
I imagine that tips page would list the various quirks of high-power MOSFETs, BJTs, TRIACs, and IGBTs,
and (given a particular motor or speaker or other load)
how to select one over the others,
and various ways of working around those quirks.
--[[User:65.70.89.241|65.70.89.241]] 07:17, 10 August 2006 (PDT)

I just joined Open Circuits. I have been servicing and designing audio equipment for several years (Recording consoles a specialty) I hope you will have a section for audio electronics. I also work with video projection systems and theatrical lighting (stage struck at an early age) I play electric rock-blues guitar, so I also am interested in tube guitar amps (Marshall and Boogie). And there is a big difference in what a guitar player thinks an amp should do, and what a recording engineer wants an amp for. I think these are valid points for discussion.
I've also got an interest in power supplies (my experience is mostly with linear, but I've started learning about switching designs). In fact that brings me to my question, I have some regulator designs based on the 723 that I'd like to share. How do I go about doing that? I built a replacement for a console /- 18V @6A supply when I couldn't find the original regulator devices. I used 723s with external series pass devices. The unit has been working for close to 10 years now, so I think the design is worth sharing. Is anyone interested?

I also research discrete op amps like the Jensen 990. I've been working (on and off for years) on a clone of that using more modern, easily available parts and devices. Anyone else?
Finally, in response to the first entry in this section, I too read that application note in Analog Devices Audio/Video Reference Manual. My copy is dated 1992. I've repaired a lot of amplifiers, but haven't built any. If anyone else is hip to this amp I'd like to hear about it. It is a very unique design. I also like the A75 amp design from Nelson Pass and Norman Thagard, and the Leach Amp by Marshall Leach. The last two are pretty normal as far as design goes, not as adventurous as the Alexander with its current-feedback approach.
Aloha, RAF--[[User:66.8.194.185|66.8.194.185]] 14:04, 18 May 2007 (PDT)

== automotive electronics ==

Is there some other wiki for people to talk about automobile electronics?
Or is this Open Circuits the best wiki for talking about things like
[http://megamanual.com/ "experimental Do-It-Yourself programmable electronic fuel injection controller"]?
Or should we just point people who want to talk ECUs (engine control units) to the
[http://msefi.com/ MSEFI discussion forum],
even though it sadly lacks a wiki?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 22:36, 2 July 2007 (PDT)

== inviting bloggers to open circuits ==

=== how to connect a JTAG probe to a Nokia phone ===

I'd like to invite bloggers such as GyrosGeier to edit OpenCircuits.
Rather than just spamming him, I think he would be more inclined to help out
if we answered one of his questions first -- such as
[http://hogyros.de/?q=node/167 "If you have information on how to connect a JTAG probe to a Nokia phone, please let me know."]
Maybe I should start a page on [[JTAG]]...
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 09:37, 22 September 2006 (PDT)

The [http://hackedgadgets.com/ Hacked Gadgets blog also has a bunch of cool electronics].
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 11:58, 5 January 2007 (PST)

== red links ==

The default skin at OpenCircuits currently has "red links" = page exists, "dark red links" = page does not exist.

I find that confusing. (But not as bad as the wiki that has some links black-on-white, indistinguishable from normal text).

'''work-around''': Register (it's free, and you don't have to give any personal information), then choose the "preferences" link in the far upper-right corner and then pick any other skin.

The other skins have coloring that you may be more used to from other wiki: "blue links" = page exists, "red links" = page does not exist.

--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 08:58, 18 December 2006 (PST)

*** Guys, the red color on links is AwuFul, it brings ppl headaches.
That's the only reason I cant participate ***

--[[User:Takeda|Takeda]] 16:38, 29 September 2007 (PDT)

== inviting people from other forums to open circuits ==

Lots of people talk about circuits for LED lighting at
http://candlepowerforums.com/
.
Perhaps we can talk some of them into contributing here -- perhaps using a page or two of Open Circuits as a FAQ for LEDs and drive circuits.

== tool lists ==

Should we have an entire page on "tools", and mention it on the main page?
That risks listing *every* tool anyone has ever heard about,
like the page at
http://massmind.org/techref/tools.htm
.
Yes, I'm responsible for uglier bits on that page;
I think the wide variety of oscilloscopes are particularly confusing.
How could we cut through the confusion?

I see the "techniques" page already has a list of software tools.
Perhaps it would be nifty to have a short list of all the tools necessary for each technique?
Then a beginner would have a better idea of what tools he really needs to get (rather than looking at a huge list of every tool, and wondering for each one, ''"Am I going to regret buying it when I see it gathering dust? Or am I going to regret not buying it when I need it during a midnight debug session?"'').

--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 08:37, 24 January 2007 (PST)

== Requests For Help ==
Thanks for your help with the camcorder mic.

== sample component ==

What is the purpose of the [[Sample Component]] ?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 16:27, 7 May 2007 (PDT)

----

== current surge and battery life ==

Hi,

currently my board is using a 3V battery, in every 40msec it will turn on its RF to communicate with the base station. I face a problem here is that my battery life is badly affected. Turning on the RF with cause a current surge.

Will this surge affect my battery life? If I use a supercapacitor does it helps?

-- [[User:203.120.164.208]] 04:14, 30 April 2007

== MIDI electrical interface ==

In my opinion, the MIDI interface got a lot of things right that too many later interfaces still trip over.

* http://www.repairfaq.org/filipg/LINK/F_MIDI.html -- ASCII schematics
* http://www.engadget.com/2005/08/30/how-to-control-csound-with-a-custom-midi-controller-hardware/ -- hand-sketched schematics
* http://www.midi.org/about-midi/electrical.shtml "MIDI Electrical Specification Diagram & Proper Design of Joystick/MIDI Adapters" -- well-drawn schematics
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MIDI_1.0_Protocol Wikipedia: The MIDI 1.0 Protocol]
* http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Behringer_FCB1010_MIDI_Pedal

It may look simple, but too often people try to "improve" it by adding or removing things without understanding, ending up with a worse system.

Is there any other wiki that is more appropriate for explaining the low-level details of the MIDI electrical interface, and *why* it was done that way?

I would be most interested in discussing new communication interfaces -- but is this really the right wiki?
Or would http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Serial_Programming or the [http://interwiki.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/picawiki.pl/StartingPoint PICA wiki] be better for discussing improvements?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 13:21, 21 June 2007 (PDT)

== IC design ==

What do you think about
http://makeyourownchip.com/
?
Should we talk about VLSI design ([http://david.carybros.com/html/vlsi.html "VLSI: designing electronic chips"])
here at Open Circuits?
Or is there a more appropriate wiki somewhere else?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 15:59, 26 June 2007 (PDT)

== electronics infoline ==

So have you seen
"Free electronics projects"
http://electronicsinfoline.com/
"with Photo Preview"
?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 00:28, 1 July 2007 (PDT)

== generating a netlist with a "C++" program ==

The [http://positron.ps.uci.edu/~pier/csc/sup/Support.html "Support Electronics for ATLAS Muon CSC"] documentation claims that [http://positron.ps.uci.edu/~pier/csc/sup/CRB_LayoutNotes0.pdf "The design was captured with C++. There are no schematics."] and lists [http://positron.ps.uci.edu/~pier/csc/sup/crb_srce the C++ source code].

How did they do that?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 01:15, 3 July 2007 (PDT)

== rocket electronics ==

Is there another wiki that talks about rocket electronics?
Or is this Open Circuits the best place to talk about
ground support electronics
(such as [http://www.ukrocketman.com/rocketry/controller.shtml Launch Controller]s)
and
onboard electronics
(such as one
[http://www.ukrocketman.com/rocketry/compactrdasguide.shtml flight computer]
or another
[http://david.carybros.com/html/schematic.html#flight_computer flight computer]
)?
--[[User:DavidCary|DavidCary]] 14:21, 15 July 2007 (PDT)

== Minimig ==
I have created pages about the [[Minimig]] project which is running an Amiga 500 in a Xilinx FPGA. It's rather a work in progress, than a static documentation. I hope nobody minds. [[User:Freqmax|Freqmax]] 18:35, 27 July 2007 (PDT)

== Open Science ==

So does/should Open Science ( http://openscience.org/ ) have any relation to Open Circuits ?
--[[User:68.0.120.35|68.0.120.35]] 00:13, 5 August 2007 (PDT)

== LaTEX math markup ==

I wrote a quick howto on figuring out resistor values, but it looks bad without latex math markup enabled.
Here's what I wrote as it appears on open circuits: http://www.opencircuits.com/Talk:Relays
Here's how it appears on wikipedia (with math markup enabled): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mzandrew/Sandbox

Anyone know if this is a quick thing to enable for open circuits or if it's involved?

[[User:Mzandrew|Mzandrew]] 14:16, 8 September 2007 (PDT)

POV display

2007-11-07T00:19:51Z

158.232.241.4:

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[http://www.housing.und.edu/reshalls/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/img/etcwcb.html punk ringtones] [http://ideonomy.mit.edu/wiki/config-OFF/config/gsh/enf001/lejans.html off starting] [http://2001.c3.hu/mas/ebdwhw.html ser jobs for progress inc] == POV display ==

A "persistence of vision display" (POV display) has only a single line of LEDs blinking on and off.
The display mechanically sweeps it across a person's field of view,
giving the illusion of a 2D display.

''(Do I need a diagram or a picture here?)''

(Nearly all LED displays in microwave ovens and alarm clocks electrically sweep the digits across a person's field of view, giving the illusion that it's displaying all 4 digits of the time "12:55" when actually only one digit is illuminated at any one instant).

[[User:DavidCary]] is building yet another "POV display".

I plan on putting a few features into my display that I haven't seen in any other so far:

* bright blue LEDs (even though blue is usually the most expensive color ... although sometimes "true green" is even more expensive than blue).
* no slip rings -- just pumping energy across an air gap
* ... and a few other features that I'm keeping hush-hush.

I want lots of lumens.
Unfortunately, when I go to pick LEDs out of the catalogs, they're not
rated in lumens, they're rated in candelas.

Is it even possible to estimate "lumens" from the catalog information?

Do you know what the difference is? Does your flashlight really
produce 10 times the light ( in lumens)? Or does the flashlight merely
focus its light on a tiny spot, so that that spot gets 10 times as
many candelas ?

For example, check out these 2 LEDs:
$8.75 SSP-LX6144C7UC : 4000 mcd at 120 mA
$8.75 SSP-LX6144D7UC : 1800 mcd at 120 mA

From the mcd rating, it appears that the first one is more than 2wice
as bright -- and it is, if you're directly in front of it when you
look at it.
However, if you're even the tiniest bit off-center, the second one is
much brighter -- in fact, the total lumens that second LED puts out
(2500 mlm) is slightly more than the total lumens than the first one.
If you diffuse the light and try to light up a whole room with an
array of them, the second one will make the room brighter.

I'm currently planning on using these in my first POV display:
* $1.32 Telux TLWB7900 : blue : 330 mlm, 231 mcd at 50 mA. (price in ones from http://Newark.com/ )

Other LEDs I considered using in my POV display (and may re-consider for my next one):

* $18.89 "Lamina light engine" BL-22B1-0140 : 22000 mlm at 420 mA. (this price includes the required heat sink -- price in ones from http://Digikey.com/ ). This has the most lumens per dollar I've found so far (for blue LEDs).
* $8.750 Sunbrite LuxLEDs SSP-LX6144D7UC blue: 120 mA, 2500 mlm, 1800 mcd (Odd that the red Sunbrite LuxLEDs are cheaper at Newark, the other colors cheaper at Digikey.) cheapest $/lumen blue LED, except for the "light engine"
* $2.550 Lumex "DSP LED" 67-1876-ND: blue, 5 mm, 2500 mcd ( DigiKey ) apparently have some kind of internal chip. All colors run at 2.0 V nominal (1.5 V minimum) (rather than running on current like most LEDs. unfortunately, the data sheet doesn't suggest how much current they take -- I presume more than 20 mA).
* $1.600 Sunbrite "based LED" SSP-01TWB7UWB12 (441-1007-ND) blue 10 mm 20 mA 7000 mcd
* $5.980 GM5WA06270A SMT RGB (35 mA red, 35 mA green, 35 mA blue) 3000 mcd (full color range -- apparently used for digital camera flash ?) (Digikey)
* Mouser: hi-power LEDs ( http://www.mouser.com/search/refine.aspx?Ntt=LEDs hi-power ) shows "lumens" directly -- exactly what I wanted.

== further reading ==
Spoke-POV and propeller clocks links:

* An entire discussion forum devoted to POV displays http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewforum.php?f=11
** In particular, lots of nice pictures http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?p=4712
** 'no-microcontroller-programmer-needed' minipov http://www.ladyada.net.nyud.net:8090/forums/viewtopic.php?t=32
* LEDtoy on Sourceforge http://ledtoy.sourceforge.net/
* Ian’s Spoke POV http://www.ianpaterson.org/projects/spokepov20050704/index.htm
* "Propeller Clock" Mechanically Scanned LED Clock: by Bob Blick http://www.bobblick.com/techref/projects/propclock/propclock.html (I think this is the original POV display)
* micro POV display http://positron.org/projects/mpov/ small enough for "glueing it to my shaved head."

----

Is this http://led-display-and-design-swicki.eurekster.com/ relevant?

I think so--[[User:71.234.233.163|71.234.233.163]] 18:06, 22 June 2007 (PDT)

Molex

2007-11-06T22:32:04Z

158.232.241.4:

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{| align=right
|-
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[[Image:NoImage.jpg|NoImage]]
|}
Description: Molex is a large connector company. They do sample connectors with just a log-in but they really only sample connectors that have in stock.

Manufacturer Info: 
[http://www.molex.com www.molex.com]

Contact Info: 

[[Category:Connectors]]
[[Category:Manufacturers]]

JTAG

2007-11-06T20:08:19Z

158.232.241.4:

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Test Action Group (JTAG) standardized a 5 pin boundary-scan test port as IEEE Std. 1149.1, "Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture".

While originally intended for boundary-scan testing of PCB assemblies, to replace bed-of-nails testing, the JTAG port included in many popular microprocessors is also often used for programming and debugging.

[http://hogyros.de/?q=node/167 "If you have information on how to connect a JTAG probe to a Nokia phone, please let me know."]

There are five pins:
* TCK/clock
* TMS/mode select
* TDI/data in
* TDO/data out
* TRST/reset (optional), when driven low, resets the internal state machine.

Except for TCK, all other JTAG lines should be pulled high via a resistor.

WARNING: unconfirmed pinout. Please add links to pinout standard.

== 20 Pin JTAG PinOut ==

Which one of these is right?

Pin Function Pin Function
1 TRST 2 GND
3 TDO 4 GND
5 TDI 6 GND
7 TMS 8 GND
9 TCK 10 GND
11 VPP_E 12 GND
13 A/W 14 GND
15 User 0 16 GND
17 Rdy/Bsy 18 GND
19 User 1 20 Vcc

1 3.3 V 2 3.3 V
3 nTRST 4 GND
5 TDI 6 GND
7 TMS 8 GND
9 TCK 10 GND
11 -- 12 GND
13 TDO 14 GND
15 nRST 16 GND
17 -- 18 GND
19 -- 20 GND

== external links ==

* [http://openjtag.net/ the OpenJTAG wiki] ( http://openjtag.net/ )
* [http://www.arm.com/support/faqdev/1336.html "When designing development boards what style JTAG connector should I use?"] The 20-pin JTAG connector.
* [http://www.embedded.com/story/OEG20021028S0049 "Introduction to JTAG"] by Rob Oshana 2002
* [http://hri.sourceforge.net/tools/jtag_faq_org.html "JTAG FAQ"] by Stas Khirman 2004
* [http://k9spud.com/jtag/ a parallel port JTAG Debugger circuit for Philips LPC2xxx ARM microcontrollers.] by K9JTAG (uses Schmitt trigger inverters, so it can connect 3.0 V target boards to a standard 5.0 V parallel port)
* [http://diygadget.com/store/building-simple-jtag-cable/info_12.html parallel port JTAG "Building Simple JTAG Cable"] (resistors only)
* [http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_Connector_JTAG_Bus.html "JTAG Bus Description"]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTAG Wikipedia:JTAG]
* [http://wiki.openwrt.org/OpenWrtDocs/Customizing/Hardware/JTAG_Cable OpenWRT wiki: JTAG Cables]
* [http://jtag-arm9.sourceforge.net/ the Jtag-Arm9 project at Sourceforge] gives instructions and photographs of a [http://jtag-arm9.sourceforge.net/hardware.html Home made JTAG interface] (also shows an example of prototyping using SMT IC)
* [http://freelabs.com/~whitis/electronics/jtag/ the JTAG protocol] by Mark Whitis
* [http://scienceprog.com/avrjtag-clone-in-action/ "Building AVR Jtag clone"] includes schematics and firmware.

----

Amiga floppy project

2007-11-06T19:58:22Z

158.232.241.4:

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[http://adder.weedns.com/usedandsecond/ used and second hand scooter for sale] == Amiga Floppy Project ==

This project is the building of an external USB amiga floppy drive controller. It sits between the USB port on a Windows PC, and a regular PC floppy drive. It will allow the PC to create .ADF images from an amiga floppy disk. This device is based on a Parallax SX28 microcontroller, uses Ramtron FRAM memory for temporary track storage, and uses another Parallax component for the USB interface.

[[Image:AFPimage.jpg]]

== related projects ==

* [[Minimig]], an open source exact FPGA re-implementation of an Amiga 500.

== External links ==

[http://www.techtravels.org/amiga/amigablog Amiga Floppy Project Blog]

[http://www.parallax.com/sx/index.asp Parallax SX Microcontroller]

[http://www.ramtron.com/doc/Products/Nonvolatile/Detail.asp?ID=30

Help:Contents

2007-11-06T19:16:33Z

158.232.241.4:

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What the heck is this place? 
So Cina, Nate, and a guy named Aubry were all working on similar cellular projects using the [[GM862 Cellular Module]] but each project was different enough that we could not collaborate directly. However, we noticed that there was enough overlap between projects that certain things should be shared. Things like the audio biasing circuit, the power supply, and the footprint for various exotic parts. We wanted an easy way to share this information with others as well, and the concept of Open Circuits was born. 

We got the framework up (Cina is a pimp) in about 24hours. Even if you are completely new to Wikis, we're sure you'll find things fairly straight forward. Please use the following template (edit this change and copy/paste) into your posting as a starting point. 

----

Want to know [[How to delete spam]]?

----

''(FIXME: move the following description to [[LT1528]])''

{| align=right
|-
|
[[Image:Main-LT1528.jpg|LT1528]]
|}
Description: The LT1528 is a rather expensive regulator that is known for its fast transient response and high current output. Really its known because Telit recommends it for the GM862.

Documents: 
[[Media:LT1528.pdf|LT1528 Datasheet]]

Footprints: 
Coming in a minute from SFE. This regulator comes in two packages. The 5-DD is the SMD version, while the TO-220-5 is the through hole version.

Manufacturer Info: 
Linear part # : 
LT1528CQ (5-DD SMD Package) 
LT1528CT (TO-220-5 PTH Package)

Supplier Info: 
Digikey part # : LT1528CQ-ND 
Single Piece Price : $7.13

Related Items: 
[[GM862 Cellular Module]] 
[[GM862 SMD Connector]]

Original Creator: --[[User:Sparkfun|Sparkfun]] 22:18, 25 January 2006 (PST)

== Help ==
Why can't I upload a *.cam file. It is used by Eagle for cam processors. There should be a better why to get help than posting to this page. --[[User:Linuxvolts|Linuxvolts]] 19:58, 23 May 2007 (PDT)

Sensors

2007-11-06T19:06:37Z

158.232.241.4:

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----
=== gas sensor ===
* [[Image:4514.jpg|100px]] [[MiCS 4514]] CO and NOx sensor

----
=== accelerometer ===
* [http://podophile.com/2006/08/02/accelerometer-101-understanding-the-nike-ipod-sport-kit-sensor/ Accelerometer 101: Understanding the Nike iPod Sport Kit Sensor]

----
=== magnetic field sensor ===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect_sensor Hall effect sensor]
----

== Further reading ==

* [http://wsn.oversigma.com/wiki/index.php/Sensors WSN:Sensors]

[[Category:Components]]

PG31 GPS RS232 Dev Board

2007-11-06T18:38:06Z

158.232.241.4:

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|-
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[[Image:Main-Eval-PG31-RS232.jpg|PG31 RS232 Dev Board]]
|}
Description: Getting information from your project to your computer can be difficult at first. Once you discover how to setup an RS232 connection, it's really just cut-and-paste for future projects.

In this project we demonstrate how to:
*Setup an external power supply
*Setup 3.3V to RS232 circuit
*Complex PG31 GPS footprint

----
===Power Regulation===
First we will start with a simple adjustable voltage regulation circuit:

[[Image:PG31-PowerSupply.jpg|PG31 Power Supply]]

Please note this is a relatively compact SMD version of the power supply. This can easily be obtained with through-hole components using a breadboard. Here is the schematic:

[[Image:PG31-PowerSupply-Schematic.jpg]]

Now let's discuss what's going on here. The barrel jack (J1) is a basic 5.5mm OD 2.1mm ID type jack. We get an unregulated 9-13V out of the wall wart.

The D3 large diode MBRA140 is for reverse protection. It can handle up to 1A and prevents damage to the board if a center-negative wallwart is attached. This diode will cause a ~0.5V drop from whatever the wall-wart is outputting.

C2 ([[10uF Tantalum Capacitor]] in this case) is a basic decoupling cap. 10-100uF is adequate but should be rated for 15-25V.

U1 is the LM317 (or LM1117 in SMD form) adjustable [[Basic_Voltage_Regulators|voltage regulator]]. It will take in some larger voltage and output a set voltage. The output voltage is set with two external resistors. R1 is historically 240 and value for R2 is different for different required output voltages. In our case, we want 3.3V out of the regulator, so R2 is set to 715. The LM317 is good because it is variable, the SOT-223 package is nice becuase it can take a relatively large voltage on the input (25V max I believe?) and has decent heat dissapation.

C1 and C3 are decoupling caps that help clean up the output transcients and noise.

J2 is just a two pin polarized header so that you can either 'steal' 3.3V from the board to power other boards, or have other boards power this board without the need for the external wall wart.

----

===RS232 Interface===
So we've got a nice clean output of 3.3V from the regulator, let's look at the RS232 connection:

[[Image:PG31-SerialConnection.jpg|PG31 Serial Connection]]

This shows the DB9 connector (also known as a D-Sub 9-pin connector), serial cable, and MAX3232 IC and charge pump caps (all SMD, again, can be done with PTH components). Here is the schematic:

[[Image:PG31-SerialConnection-Schematic.jpg]]

Now read-up on the MAX232 IC. It could be the most common IC out there, at least for the embdded world. This IC will have many different model names (ICL232 for example) but all do the same thing, and will most likely have identical pin-outs. This IC is used to take low voltage signals from your micro or PIC or ARM or whatever, and converts those low-voltage signals to higher-voltage signals that the computer can understand. The voltage levels on TTL are also inverted for RS232 so the MAX232 takes care of that as well!

The MAX232 takes in TTL signals and sends out RS232 signals. It also takes the RS232 signals from the computer and outputs TTL signals to whatever microcontroller you are using. How does it do this magic? With charge pump capacitors. You'll notice four 0.1uF caps attached to the MAX3232. If you're reading closely, you'll also notice we have a MAX3232 not the MAX232. Difference:
*MAX232 must be powered with 5V and converts 5V TTL<->RS232
*MAX3232 can be powered from 3V to 5V and converts it to RS232

So in this application, the GPS unit is running at 3.3V. If we were to send 5V TTL to it, it would be damaged! So we must use the lower voltage MAX3232 part. No big deal, it's functionally identical to the MAX232. From here on out, I will only refer to the MAX232.

When you first view the MAX232 component, it can be a bit confusing. The pins label T1/T2 are the transmit channels (MAX232 has 2 TX channels and 2 RX channels). T1In/T2In will take *in* TTL and send *out* RS232 out T1Out/T2Out. So for our purposes, we need to connect the GPS unit's serial TX pin to the T1In pin of the MAX232. So when the GPS unit outputs some 3.3V TTL signals, these signals will be converted into RS232 and sent to the computer (TX1Out is connected to pin 2 on the DB9 connector).

Finally, when the computer needs to send info to the GPS unit, it will send RS232 signals down the serial cable, on pin 3 of the serial cable/DB9 connector to R1In of the MAX232. This RS232 signal will be converter to TTL and sent out the R1Out pin. This TTL signal is connected to the RX pin on the GPS unit. Voila.

I can't tell you how many times I've crossed TX and RX on different projects. Sit down, think about it, and once you've got it wired correctly, cut and paste into future projects.

----

===PG31 Footprint===
[[Image:PG31-Footprint.jpg]]

Now about the footprint for the PG31. Unless the manufacturer hands you a foorprint file or a simple, recommended FP in the datasheet, you're going to have to go it on your own. We took the PG31 and a pair of calipers and went at it. It can be extremely difficult the first time. This PG31 FP took me twice to get correct. Do the best you can and try to account for things like the antenna connector. The second rev FP, I forgot to account for the MMCX connector, I put the DB9 connector right up against the PG31, and Viola - useless PCB! a.k.a another coaster for my coffee cup. But once you've got the FP, you're good for all future projects using that device. Now you know why engineers hate to change parts...

----

===Final Layout===
[[Image:PG31-Layout.jpg|300px]]

You can see the PCB layout is pretty straight forward. The 'solder jumpers' are a feature that SFE came up with to minimize our manufacturing time while allowing end users to populate the physical jumpers if they needed the ability to connect/disconnect a feature often and quickly. Most users just plug the PG31 onto their computer for quick evaluation. At some point, the MAX232 may need to be disconnected from the circuit so that an external micro or embedded system could be attached. If this is done back and forth often, the end user can clear the solder jumper with a swipe of the soldering iron, install a 2-pin header and a black plastic jumper. This now allows them to jumper/dejumper quickly and keeps us from having to solder the 2-pin headers into a board that may not need them.

----

===Things to Improve===
So that's pretty much it. The board works well, and assuming Laipac doesn't change their parts again, we will produce the board for some time.

----
===Documents===
[[Media:PG31-RS232 Schematic.pdf|PG31-RS232 Schematic]]

[[Media:PG31 RS232 Carrier - Protel.zip|PG31-RS232 Protel File]]

[[Media:PG31 RS232 Carrier - Gerbers.zip|PG31-RS232 Gerber Files]]

Footprints:
[[SFE_Footprint_Library|SFE Footprint Library]]

FP Name: PG31

Supplier Info:
Spark Fun Electronics part # : Eval-PG31-RS232 
Single Piece Price : $29.95

Related Items:

* [[PG31 GPS USB Dev Board]]

[[Category:Projects]]

Op amp

2007-11-06T18:06:23Z

158.232.241.4:

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Great for amplifying weak signals from sensors to a more useful level. Also used in filters, integrators, etc.

== quick summary ==

* Many sensors need an amplifier to "buffer" their output signal. Often a single op amp is adequate. For very weak signals, you may want a "difference amplifier" or "instrumentation amplifier".
* All ADCs need an anti-aliasing filter on their input. Often a single op amp, 2 caps and 4 resistors is adequate.
* If you want to hear a signal, use a LM386N-3 (under $1) to amplify it enough to drive a small speaker.
* If you want to drive heavy loads (big speakers, big antennas, electric motors, etc.), too heavy for typical op amps to drive, use op amps to amplify the signal to the desired voltage, followed by power transistors to drive the load [Veselinovic].

== details ==

[[Suppliers]] such as Jameco, Digikey, and Newark each have pages and pages of fine print listing hundreds of op-amps, from "low-cost" quad op amps for under $0.40 each to "hi speed precision" op amps for well over $10 each.
That doesn't include more complex devices (such as [[Integrated Circuits|voltage regulator]]s and RS-485 transcievers ) that combine op amps and other components on a single IC.
Each one of those op amps has a data sheet several pages long packed with lots of details, which you can freely download from the [[manufacturers|manufacturer]]'s web site.

"But in reality, there are only two important specifications that you should initially consider when selecting an op amp for your active, low-pass filter. ... Gain Bandwidth Product and Slew Rate." [Baker 2003]

=== designing the circuit around the op amp ===

* [http://david.carybros.com/html/schematic.html#op_amp_design Daisy's theorem: standard op-amp design]

* [http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/738 "APPLICATION NOTE 738: Minimizing Component-Variation Sensitivity in Single Op Amp Filters"]

=== selecting the appropriate op amp out of the hundreds (thousands?) available ===

* [http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/adn003.pdf "Select the Right Operational Amplifier for your Filtering Circuits"] by Bonnie Baker 2003

* [http://www.edn.com/archives/1995/052595/11dfcov.htm "Choosing an op amp: it's no longer a trying task"] by Bill Schweber 1995

* [http://www.epanorama.net/links/components.html Basic electronics components list] lists 10 of the most common op-amps.

* [http://zero-distortion.com/tests/tweaking.htm "Tweaking" by Dejan V. Veselinovic]

* [http://www.embedded.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=175400254 "How to choose the right bipolar op amp"] by J. Scott Elder 2005-12-23

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[[Category:components]]